Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2-PROPANOL 1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2-PROPANOL 374-01-6 C3H5F3O
3-METHYLGLUTARIC ACID 3-METHYLGLUTARIC ACID 626-51-7 C6H10O4
3,5-Dichlorosalicylic acid 3,5-Dichlorosalicylic acid 320-72-9 C7H4Cl2O3
Decylamine Decylamine 2016-57-1 C10H23N
2-Methylheptanoic acid 2-Methylheptanoic acid 1188-02-9 C8H16O2
3-IODOPROPIONIC ACID 3-IODOPROPIONIC ACID 141-76-4 C3H5IO2
(S)-(+)-Methyl glycidyl ether (S)-(+)-Methyl glycidyl ether 64491-68-5 C4H8O2
4-(HYDROXYAMINO)QUINOLINE N-OXIDE 4-(HYDROXYAMINO)QUINOLINE N-OXIDE 4637-56-3 C9H8N2O2
4-VINYLBENZENESULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT 4-VINYLBENZENESULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT 60081-73-4 C8H7NaO2S
AZIDOMETHYL PHENYL SULFIDE AZIDOMETHYL PHENYL SULFIDE 77422-70-9 C7H7N3S
2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-2-PENTENE 2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-2-PENTENE 107-40-4 C8H16
Hexyl methacrylate Hexyl methacrylate 142-09-6 C10H18O2
1,4-Di-tert-butylbenzene 1,4-Di-tert-butylbenzene 1012-72-2 C14H22
2-ACETAMIDO-6-NITROBENZOIC ACID 2-ACETAMIDO-6-NITROBENZOIC ACID 73721-78-5 C9H8N2O5
N-(TERT-BUTYL)HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE N-(TERT-BUTYL)HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 57497-39-9 C4H12ClNO
cis-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane cis-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane 1436-59-5 C6H14N2
2-INDANCARBOXYLIC ACID 2-INDANCARBOXYLIC ACID 25177-85-9 C10H10O2
Indole-6-boronic acid Indole-6-boronic acid 147621-18-9 C8H8BNO2
1-PENTYNE 1-PENTYNE 627-19-0 C5H8
1,3-Dibromobutane 1,3-Dibromobutane 107-80-2 C4H8Br2
ETHYL OXAMATE ETHYL OXAMATE 617-36-7 C4H7NO3
ETHYL PENTAFLUOROPROPIONATE ETHYL PENTAFLUOROPROPIONATE 426-65-3 C5H5F5O2
4-BROMOBENZAMIDE 4-BROMOBENZAMIDE 698-67-9 C7H6BrNO
Hexaethylene glycol Hexaethylene glycol 2615-15-8 C12H26O7
(2-BROMOETHOXY)-TERT-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILANE (2-BROMOETHOXY)-TERT-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILANE 86864-60-0 C8H19BrOSi
Diphenyl isophthalate Diphenyl isophthalate 744-45-6 C20H14O4
tert-Butyl phenyl carbonate tert-Butyl phenyl carbonate 6627-89-0 C11H14O3
3-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)BENZYLAMINE 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)BENZYLAMINE 93071-75-1 C8H8F3NO
COMBRETASTATIN A-4 COMBRETASTATIN A-4 117048-59-6 C18H20O5
Methyl 2-(chlorosulfonyl)benzoate Methyl 2-(chlorosulfonyl)benzoate 26638-43-7 C8H7ClO4S
Heptyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Heptyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 1085-12-7 C14H20O3
1-HEPTYN-3-OL 1-HEPTYN-3-OL 7383-19-9 C7H12O
BENZYL GLYCIDYL ETHER BENZYL GLYCIDYL ETHER 89616-40-0 C10H12O2
4-Aminophthalimide 4-Aminophthalimide 3676-85-5 C8H6N2O2
1-OCTANESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, MONOHYDRATE 1-OCTANESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, MONOHYDRATE 207596-29-0 C8H21NaO4S
N,N-Dibenzylhydroxylamine N,N-Dibenzylhydroxylamine 621-07-8 C14H15NO
PHENYLARSONIC ACID PHENYLARSONIC ACID 98-05-5 C6H7AsO3
3,6-Dithia-1,8-octanediol 3,6-Dithia-1,8-octanediol 5244-34-8 C6H14O2S2
1-METHYL-1,4-CYCLOHEXADIENE 1-METHYL-1,4-CYCLOHEXADIENE 4313-57-9 C7H10
3,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene 3,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene 610-40-2 C6H3ClN2O4
METHYL PHENYL SULFOXIDE METHYL PHENYL SULFOXIDE 1193-82-4 C7H8OS
4-BROMO-2-METHYLPHENYLTHIOUREA 4-BROMO-2-METHYLPHENYLTHIOUREA 109317-23-9 C8H9BrN2S
5-BROMO-2-NITRO-BENZOIC ACID 5-BROMO-2-NITRO-BENZOIC ACID 6950-43-2 C7H4BrNO4
1-(4-ETHOXYCARBONYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(4-ETHOXYCARBONYLPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 23051-16-3 C10H12N2O2S
3-Pyridineacrylic acid 3-Pyridineacrylic acid 1126-74-5 C8H7NO2
4,4'-Ethylenedianiline 4,4'-Ethylenedianiline 621-95-4 C14H16N2
Dimethyl nitroterephthalate Dimethyl nitroterephthalate 5292-45-5 C10H9NO6
4'-Methylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid 4'-Methylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid 7148-03-0 C14H12O2
BENZOYL BROMIDE BENZOYL BROMIDE 618-32-6 C7H5BrO
5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline 5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline 4199-88-6 C12H7N3O2
2-Ethylphenol 2-Ethylphenol 90-00-6 C8H10O
4-Fluoro-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid 4-Fluoro-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid 78495-65-5 C10H11FO4
6-BROMONAPHTHALEN-2-AMINE 6-BROMONAPHTHALEN-2-AMINE 7499-66-3 C10H8BrN
4-STYRENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT HYDR ATE 4-STYRENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT HYDR ATE 123333-94-8 C8H7NaO3S.xH2O
XYLENE CYANOL FF XYLENE CYANOL FF 4463-44-9 C25H29N2NaO7S2
N,N'-DIISOPROPYLTHIOUREA N,N'-DIISOPROPYLTHIOUREA 2986-17-6 C7H16N2S
2-Ethoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester 2-Ethoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester 269409-99-6 C15H21BO4
3-ETHYLPHENYL ISOCYANATE 3-ETHYLPHENYL ISOCYANATE 23138-58-1 C9H9NO
1-PHENYL-3-BUTEN-1-OL 1-PHENYL-3-BUTEN-1-OL 936-58-3 C10H12O
1-BUTYL-2,3-DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE 1-BUTYL-2,3-DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE 98892-75-2 C9H17ClN2
Methyl phenyl sulfone Methyl phenyl sulfone 3112-85-4 C7H8O2S
BIS(3,5-DIMETHYLPHENYL)PHOSPHINE BIS(3,5-DIMETHYLPHENYL)PHOSPHINE 71360-06-0 C16H19P
2-[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)SULFONYL]-N'-HYDROXYETHANIMIDAMIDE 2-[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)SULFONYL]-N'-HYDROXYETHANIMIDAMIDE 70661-64-2 C8H9ClN2O3S
4-Hydroxybenzhydrazide 4-Hydroxybenzhydrazide 5351-23-5 C7H8N2O2
4-BROMOBENZENESULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE 4-BROMOBENZENESULFINIC ACID SODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE 175278-64-5 C6H8BrNaO3S
3-Methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride 3-Methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride 39232-91-2 C7H11ClN2O
PHENOXATHIIN PHENOXATHIIN 262-20-4 C12H8OS
3-ISOPROPYLPHENOL 3-ISOPROPYLPHENOL 618-45-1 C9H12O
meso-2,3-Dibromosuccinic acid meso-2,3-Dibromosuccinic acid 608-36-6 C4H4Br2O4
3-ALLYLSALICYLALDEHYDE 3-ALLYLSALICYLALDEHYDE 24019-66-7 C10H10O2
1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 459-05-2 C7H7FN2S
2-Fluorobenzamide 2-Fluorobenzamide 445-28-3 C7H6FNO
4-(METHYLSULFONYL)BENZONITRILE 4-(METHYLSULFONYL)BENZONITRILE 22821-76-7 C8H7NO2S
1,2-DIMETHYLNAPHTHALENE 1,2-DIMETHYLNAPHTHALENE 573-98-8 C12H12
2-(HYDRAZINOCARBOHYDRAZONOYL)HYDRAZINIUM CHLORIDE 2-(HYDRAZINOCARBOHYDRAZONOYL)HYDRAZINIUM CHLORIDE 5329-29-3 CH9ClN6
4-Methylthiophene-2-boronic acid 4-Methylthiophene-2-boronic acid 162607-15-0 C5H7BO2S
S-ETHYLISOTHIOUREA HYDROBROMIDE S-ETHYLISOTHIOUREA HYDROBROMIDE 1071-37-0 C3H9BrN2S
3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZOPHENONE 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZOPHENONE 728-81-4 C14H9F3O
2,3,3,4-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride 2,3,3,4-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride 36978-41-3 C16H6O6
ACETOCHLOR ESA SODIUM SALT ACETOCHLOR ESA SODIUM SALT 187022-11-3 C14H21NO5S
3-Hydroxyphenylacetylene 3-Hydroxyphenylacetylene 10401-11-3 C8H6O
Butyraldehyde oxime Butyraldehyde oxime 110-69-0 C4H9NO
Isopropyl bromoacetate Isopropyl bromoacetate 29921-57-1 C5H9BrO2
Boron trifluoride dimethyl etherate Boron trifluoride dimethyl etherate 353-42-4 C2H6BF3O
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol 375-01-9 C4H3F7O
Cyanogen bromide Cyanogen bromide 506-68-3 CBrN
2-(4-Pyridyl)malondialdehyde 2-(4-Pyridyl)malondialdehyde 51076-46-1 C8H7NO2
Ethylthiocyanate Ethylthiocyanate 542-90-5 C3H5NS
2-Chloropropene 2-Chloropropene 557-98-2 C3H5Cl
(+)-Dipentene (+)-Dipentene 5989-27-5 C10H16
1,5-Dinitronaphthalene 1,5-Dinitronaphthalene 605-71-0 C10H6N2O4
1,5-Dicyanopentane 1,5-Dicyanopentane 646-20-8 C7H10N2
Didecyl phthalate Didecyl phthalate 84-77-5 C28H46O4
2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline 99-30-9 C6H4Cl2N2O2
3-Phenyl-propionamide 3-Phenyl-propionamide 102-93-2 C9H11NO
2-Carboxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid potassium salt 2-Carboxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid potassium salt 5344-48-9 C7H4NO7S.K
1,1-Dimethyl-thiourea 1,1-Dimethyl-thiourea 6972-05-0 C3H8N2S
Cyanomethyl p-toluenesulfonate Cyanomethyl p-toluenesulfonate 14562-04-0 C9H9NO3S
Propamidine Propamidine 104-32-5 C17H20N4O2
bis(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl) sulphone bis(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl) sulphone 1759-05-3 C12H6Cl2N2O6S
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