Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dibromobenzene 1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-dibromobenzene 2375-96-4 C8H2Br2F6
2-(2'-BROMOPHENOXY)PROPANE 2-(2'-BROMOPHENOXY)PROPANE 701-07-5 C9H11BrO
1-fluoro-8-iodooctane 1-fluoro-8-iodooctane C8H16FI
5-Bromo-2-(bromomethyl)toluene, 4-Bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-methylbenzene 5-Bromo-2-(bromomethyl)toluene, 4-Bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-methylbenzene 156001-49-9 C8H8Br2
2,4-Dichloro-6-fluorobenzonitrile 2,4-Dichloro-6-fluorobenzonitrile 1349718-98-4 C7H2Cl2FN
3-Bromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene 3-Bromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene 1190360-23-6 C15H13Br
N-(6-(4-nitrophenoxy)pyriMidin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxaMide N-(6-(4-nitrophenoxy)pyriMidin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxaMide 1421227-55-5 C14H12N4O4
(11bR)-4,5-Dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]phosphepine
		
	(11bR)-4,5-Dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]phosphepine 1191447-90-1 C22H17P
AC-262536 AC-262536 870888-46-3 C18H18N2O
3-CHLORO-5-FLUOROBENZYL BROMIDE 3-CHLORO-5-FLUOROBENZYL BROMIDE 493024-39-8 C7H5BrClF
A-836339 A-836339
1-Chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitro-2-(trichloromethyl)benzene 1-Chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitro-2-(trichloromethyl)benzene 908009-54-1 C7H2Cl4FNO2
2-Hydroxy-2-azaadaMantane 2-Hydroxy-2-azaadaMantane 1155843-79-0 C9H15NO
1,4-Dinitrosobenzene 1,4-Dinitrosobenzene 105-12-4 C6H4N2O2
5,6-difluoro-4,7-diiodobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 5,6-difluoro-4,7-diiodobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 1293389-29-3 C6F2I2N2S
Di(trimethylol propane) Di(trimethylol propane) 23235-61-2 C12H26O5
4-BROMO-1-CYCLOHEXENE 4-BROMO-1-CYCLOHEXENE 3540-84-9 C6H9Br
1-BROMO-2-CHLOROPROPANE 1-BROMO-2-CHLOROPROPANE 3017-96-7 C3H6BrCl
N-butyl-8-hydroxy-5-methylnaphthalene-1-sulphonamide N-butyl-8-hydroxy-5-methylnaphthalene-1-sulphonamide 2970-26-5 C15H19NO3S
benzyl p-tolyl ether benzyl p-tolyl ether 834-25-3 C14H14O
2-Naphthalenepropanoic acid, α-amino-6-bromo-, (αS)- 2-Naphthalenepropanoic acid, α-amino-6-bromo-, (αS)- 1703931-13-8 C13H12BrNO2
sodium 7-[(chloroacetyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate sodium 7-[(chloroacetyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate 5572-43-0 C18H13ClN3NaO5S
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-xylene 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-xylene 877-10-1 C8H6Cl4
1,1'-[ethylidenebis(oxy)]dibutane 1,1'-[ethylidenebis(oxy)]dibutane 871-22-7 C10H22O2
12'-hydroxy-2',5'alpha-diisopropylergotaman-3',6',18-trione methanesulphonate 12'-hydroxy-2',5'alpha-diisopropylergotaman-3',6',18-trione methanesulphonate 2207-69-4 C32H41N5O7S
cyclohexanl cyclohexanl
sodium 2-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]benzoate sodium 2-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]benzoate 1977-00-0 C14H11F3NNaO2
1,1'-(chloromethylene)bis[4-chlorobenzene] 1,1'-(chloromethylene)bis[4-chlorobenzene] 782-08-1 C13H9Cl3
1-chloro-4-[(chloromethyl)sulphonyl]benzene 1-chloro-4-[(chloromethyl)sulphonyl]benzene 5943-04-4 C7H6Cl2O2S
Benzene, 1,3-difluoro-5-propyl- (9CI) Benzene, 1,3-difluoro-5-propyl- (9CI) 183245-00-3 C9H10F2
1H-Imidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-, hydroxide (1:1) 1H-Imidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-, hydroxide (1:1) 1886013-15-5 C13H18N2O
Diisovalerylmethane Diisovalerylmethane 7307-08-6 C11H20O2
1,1-bis-(Bromomethyl)-cyclopropane 1,1-bis-(Bromomethyl)-cyclopropane 29086-41-7 C5H8Br2
3-(Cbz-Amino)-azetidine 3-(Cbz-Amino)-azetidine 914348-04-2 C11H14N2O2
Boc-(R,S)-3-amino-3-(2-naphthyl)-proponic acid Boc-(R,S)-3-amino-3-(2-naphthyl)-proponic acid 268542-15-0 C18H21NO4
Rosin Amine Rosin Amine 1001-02-1 C20H38O6
3,5-Dichlorobenzyl bromide 3,5-Dichlorobenzyl bromide 7778-01-0 C7H5BrCl2
4-Ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-4-oxo-7-propyl-3,4-dihydro-imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]-triazin-2-yl)benzene-sulfonyl Chloride 4-Ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-4-oxo-7-propyl-3,4-dihydro-imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]-triazin-2-yl)benzene-sulfonyl Chloride 224789-26-8 C17H19ClN4O4S
1,3-DIBROMO-2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE 1,3-DIBROMO-2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE 5434-27-5 C5H10Br2
4-(DIFLUOROMETHYLTHIO)CHLOROBENZENE 4-(DIFLUOROMETHYLTHIO)CHLOROBENZENE 2488-66-6 C7H5ClF2S
2,3,4-Trifluorochlorobenzene 2,3,4-Trifluorochlorobenzene 36556-42-0 C6H2ClF3
1,2-Di(2-pyridyl)benzene 1,2-Di(2-pyridyl)benzene 74764-52-6 C16H12N2
2,5-Difluoro-1,4-benzenedicarbonitrile 2,5-Difluoro-1,4-benzenedicarbonitrile 1897-49-0 C8H2F2N2
3-DIETHYLAMINOPROPYL CHLORIDE 3-DIETHYLAMINOPROPYL CHLORIDE 104-77-8 C7H16ClN
1-IODO-2,3,5-TRICHLOROBENZENE 1-IODO-2,3,5-TRICHLOROBENZENE 216393-66-7 C6H2Cl3I
ETHYL 3-IODO-4-METHYLBENZOATE ETHYL 3-IODO-4-METHYLBENZOATE 859212-59-2 C10H11IO2
Trans-1-(bromomethyl)-4-propylcyclohexane Trans-1-(bromomethyl)-4-propylcyclohexane 71458-12-3 C10H19Br
sulfamoyl chloride, ethyl(methyl)- sulfamoyl chloride, ethyl(methyl)- 35856-61-2 C3H8ClNO2S
4-Fluorobenzene-1,3-dioyl dichloride 4-Fluorobenzene-1,3-dioyl dichloride 327-94-6 C8H3Cl2FO2
4'-[2-(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-4-propyl-bicyclohexyl 4'-[2-(3,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-4-propyl-bicyclohexyl 107215-66-7 C23H34F2
(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride (4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride 163295-77-0 C8H9ClO4S2
3-Methyl-1-adamantanol 3-Methyl-1-adamantanol 702-81-8 C11H18O
1-Bromo-4-cyclopentenylbenzene 1-Bromo-4-cyclopentenylbenzene 6725-74-2 C11H11Br
Benzene, 1-(2-iodoethyl)-4-octyl- Benzene, 1-(2-iodoethyl)-4-octyl- 162358-07-8 C16H25I
2-Bromobenzenesulfonyl fluoride 2-Bromobenzenesulfonyl fluoride 1373232-47-3 C6H4BrFO2S
4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol 4-methyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol 889104-80-7 C12H18O2
1,4-Benzenedicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]- 1,4-Benzenedicarboxaldehyde, 2,5-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]- 288574-72-1 C24H38O4
Oxirane, (fluoromethyl)-, (2R)- Oxirane, (fluoromethyl)-, (2R)- 83398-56-5 C3H5FO
BENZENESULFONYL CYANIDE BENZENESULFONYL CYANIDE 24224-99-5 C7H5NO2S
1,4-BIS(DICHLOROPHOSPHINO)BUTANE 1,4-BIS(DICHLOROPHOSPHINO)BUTANE 28240-71-3 C4H8Cl4P2
Butane gas Butane gas C4H10
4',4''',4''''',4'''''''-methanetetrayltetrakis(4-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carbaldehyde) 4',4''',4''''',4'''''''-methanetetrayltetrakis(4-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carbaldehyde) 1352578-30-3 C53H36O8
3,4,5-Trihydroxyallylbenzene 3,4-di-O-glucoside 3,4,5-Trihydroxyallylbenzene 3,4-di-O-glucoside 2172431-63-7 C21H30O13
2-(2-bromo-1-(trifluoromethoxy)ethyl)naphthalene 2-(2-bromo-1-(trifluoromethoxy)ethyl)naphthalene 2074668-82-7 C13H10BrF3O
(1R,2R)-1-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclohexane (1R,2R)-1-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclohexane 2070902-66-6 C7H10BrF3O
2-BROMO-6-CHLOROTOLUENE 2-BROMO-6-CHLOROTOLUENE 62356-27-8 C7H6BrCl
2-IODO-3-BROMOFLUOROBENZENE 2-IODO-3-BROMOFLUOROBENZENE 450412-29-0 C6H3BrFI
3,5-DIBROMO-1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE 3,5-DIBROMO-1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE 81067-42-7 C6H2Br2Cl2
(Bismesityphosphino)phenylacetylene (Bismesityphosphino)phenylacetylene 61123-81-7 C26H27P
4,4'-(4'-pentylbi(cyclohexane)-4,4-diyl)dianiline 4,4'-(4'-pentylbi(cyclohexane)-4,4-diyl)dianiline
SLN of Hydroxydecyl Ubiquinone SLN of Hydroxydecyl Ubiquinone
Baichuan Trimethylolpropane Baichuan Trimethylolpropane
1,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(diphenylamino)- 1,3-Benzenedicarbonitrile, 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(diphenylamino)- 1846598-27-3 C56H40N6
2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,6-dihydroxy-4-[2-(3-methylphenyl)diazenyl]- 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,6-dihydroxy-4-[2-(3-methylphenyl)diazenyl]- 751480-64-5 C17H14N2O8S2
Cyclohexane, [2-(ethenyloxy)ethyl]- Cyclohexane, [2-(ethenyloxy)ethyl]- 103983-46-6 C10H18O
4,5-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3,6,8-tetranitroanthraquinone 4,5-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3,6,8-tetranitroanthraquinone 567-95-3 C15H6N4O13
(1-methylpropane-1,3-diyl)dibenzene (1-methylpropane-1,3-diyl)dibenzene 1520-44-1 C16H18
Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated middle Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated middle 64742-46-7
1,1',1''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)trisanthraquinone 1,1',1''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)trisanthraquinone 4988-89-0 C45H24N6O6
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethylnaphthalene 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethylnaphthalene 2084-69-7 C16H24
iodophthalein sodium iodophthalein sodium 2217-44-9 C20H10I4O4.2Na
pentasodium 2-[oxidobis[4-(phosphonnatooxy)phenyl]methyl]benzoate pentasodium 2-[oxidobis[4-(phosphonnatooxy)phenyl]methyl]benzoate 2382-56-1 C20H13Na5O11P2
D-Phenylalanine, N-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-3-(methylsulfonyl)- D-Phenylalanine, N-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-3-(methylsulfonyl)- 2230179-58-3 C15H21NO6S
4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzenesulphonic acid 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzenesulphonic acid 554-71-2 C6H4I2O4S
1,4-dichloro-2,5-bis(dichloromethyl)benzene 1,4-dichloro-2,5-bis(dichloromethyl)benzene 41999-84-2 C8H4Cl6
2-BROMO-P-CYMENE 2-BROMO-P-CYMENE 2437-76-5 C10H13Br
Trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl-Benzene Trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl-Benzene 61203-94-9 C15H22
3-CHLOROPHENETHYL BROMIDE, 97% 3-CHLOROPHENETHYL BROMIDE, 97% 16799-05-6 C8H8BrCl
1,2,2-TRIBROMOPROPANE 1,2,2-TRIBROMOPROPANE 14476-30-3 C3H5Br3
4-BROMO-2-IODOTOLUENE 4-BROMO-2-IODOTOLUENE 260558-15-4 C7H6BrI
3-Pyridinemethanethiol(6CI,7CI,8CI,9CI) 3-Pyridinemethanethiol(6CI,7CI,8CI,9CI) 17617-05-9 C6H7NS
1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROPROPANE 1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROPROPANE 812-03-3 C3H4Cl4
DL-3-Amino-3-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid DL-3-Amino-3-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid 129042-57-5 C13H13NO2
1-BROMO-4-(TRIBROMOMETHYL) BENZENE 1-BROMO-4-(TRIBROMOMETHYL) BENZENE 76092-29-0 C7H4Br4
1-BROMO-4-BUTOXYBENZENE 1-BROMO-4-BUTOXYBENZENE 39969-57-8 C10H13BrO
CONIFERYLBENZOATE CONIFERYLBENZOATE C17H15O4-
1,3-DIMETHYLADAMANTANE-5,7-DIOL 1,3-DIMETHYLADAMANTANE-5,7-DIOL 10347-01-0 C12H20O2
5-iodo-2-methylbenzenecarbonitrile 5-iodo-2-methylbenzenecarbonitrile 52107-68-3 C8H6IN
(1S,2S)-N-Methylsulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethanediamine, 98+% (1S,2S)-N-Methylsulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethanediamine, 98+% 300345-76-0 C15H18N2O2S
3-PERFLUOROBUTYL-1,2-EPOXYPROPANE 3-PERFLUOROBUTYL-1,2-EPOXYPROPANE 81190-28-5 C7H5F9O
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