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| | 1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA Basic information |
| Product Name: | 1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA | | Synonyms: | 1-(1-naphthyl)-2-thio-ure;1-(1-naphthyl)thiourea;1-Naftil-tiourea;1-Naftylthioureum;1-naphthalenyl-thioure;1-Naphthalenylthiourea;1-Naphthyl-thioharnstoff;1-Naphthyl-thiouree | | CAS: | 86-88-4 | | MF: | C11H10N2S | | MW: | 202.28 | | EINECS: | 201-706-3 | | Product Categories: | Sulphur Derivatives | | Mol File: | 86-88-4.mol |  |
| | 1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 193 °C | | Boiling point | 377.6±25.0 °C(Predicted) | | density | 1.333 | | refractive index | 1.5500 (estimate) | | storage temp. | Poison room | | solubility | 4.3 and 86 g/L in acetone and triethylene glycol, respectively (Windholz et al., 1983) | | pka | 13.12±0.70(Predicted) | | form | Crystals or Crystalline Powder | | color | Grayish to beige-brown | | Odor | bitter taste | | Water Solubility | 600 mg/L at 20 °C (quoted, Windholz et al., 1983) | | Merck | 14,722 | | BRN | 778118 | | Exposure limits | NIOSH REL: TWA 0.3 mg/m3, IDLH 100 mg/m3; OSHA PEL: TWA
0.3 mg/m3 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 86-88-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | | IARC | 3 (Vol. 30, Sup 7) 1987 | | EPA Substance Registry System | .alpha.-Naphthylthiourea (86-88-4) |
| Hazard Codes | T+ | | Risk Statements | 28-40 | | Safety Statements | 28-36/37-45-25-23 | | RIDADR | 1651 | | WGK Germany | 2 | | RTECS | YT9275000 | | TSCA | Yes | | HazardClass | 6.1 | | PackingGroup | I | | HS Code | 29309090 | | Hazardous Substances Data | 86-88-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | | Toxicity | Acute oral LD50 for Norwegian rats 6–8 mg/kg (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
| | IDLA | 100 mg/m3 |
| Provider | Language |
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ALFA
| English |
| | 1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | a-Naphthylthiourea (ANTU; also called DIRAX) is toxic by
inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Due to its very narrow
spectrum of activity, production was discontinued a long time
ago. Exposure to ANTU causes pulmonary edema; therefore, it
is often used as an experimental pneumotoxin. ANTU is a graycolored,
prism-shaped, odorless powder with a bitter taste. It
has a molecular weight of 202.28 and melting point of 200 ℃
and does not ignite readily. However, on interaction with
potential oxidizing agents, it may cause fire and explosions,
which can lead to hazardous decomposition products such as
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The
structure of ANTU contains the naphthalene chromophore,
which absorbs UV light at ～311 nm. This suggests that ANTU
can undergo photolysis. | | Chemical Properties | ANTU is a noncombustible, white crystalline
solid or gray powder. Odorless. | | Chemical Properties | Alpha-naphthylthiourea (α-naphthalene thiourea) is a pure white or beige-brown solid/
blue-gray powder. It is hard to dissolve in water, acid, and general organic solvents, but
dissolves in boiling ethanol and alkaline solution. On decomposition, ANTU releases carbon
monoxide, toxic and irritating fumes and gases, and carbon dioxide. It is a rodenticide
and a poison bait to lure rodents. | | Chemical Properties | greyish to beige-brown crystals or cryst. powder | | Physical properties | Colorless crystals when pure. Technical product is grayish-blue. Odorless solid. Bitter taste. | | Uses | ANTU an organosulfur is a derivative of thiourea. It is a singledose
rodenticide that is specifically used against Norway rats as
a bait. However, it is futile against all other species of rodents.
Because of its tendency to cause resistance and specificity only
toward Norway rodents, this poison rapidly lost popularity and
is no longer manufactured in the United States. | | Uses | Rodenticide. Specific control for the adult Norway rat; less toxic to other rat species. | | Definition | ChEBI: ANTU is a member of naphthalenes. | | General Description | White crystal or powder; technical product is gray powder. Has no odor but a bitter taste. Used primarily as a rodenticide for control of adult Norway rats. Not produced commercially in the U.S. | | Air & Water Reactions | Slightly soluble in water. | | Reactivity Profile | 1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, silver nitrate . | | Hazard | Toxic by ingestion | | Health Hazard | α-Naphthalene thiourea, a rodenticide, is very toxic and is fatal if swallowed. Exposures
to ANTU cause poisoning with symptoms that include, but are not limited to, headache,
weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, cyanosis, blood abnormalities, methemoglobinemia,
irritation of the digestive tract, liver and kidney damage, cardiac and CNS
disturbances, convulsions, tachycardia, dyspnea, vertigo, tinnitus, weakness, disorientation,
lethargy, drowsiness, and fi nally coma and death. The target organs include the
blood, kidneys, CNS, liver, lungs, cardiovascular system, and blood-forming organs. | | Health Hazard | Moderately toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 gm/kg, or between 1 ounce and 1 pint (or l lb.) for 150 lb. person. Chronic sublethal exposure may cause antithyroid activity. Can produce hyperglycemia of three times normal in three hours. People with chronic respiratory disease or liver disease may be especially at risk. | | Fire Hazard | Emits sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide fumes upon decomposition. 1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA reacts with silver nitrate and strong oxidizers. Avoid decomposing heat. | | Safety Profile | Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic to
humans by an unspecified route.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data. Mutagenic data. A
rodenticide used extensively. Death is
caused by pulmonary edema. Chronic toxicity has been known to cause dermatitis
and a decrease in the white blood cells.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. | | Potential Exposure | ANTU or its formulations are used as
a rodenticide. | | Carcinogenicity | ANTU was not carcinogenic in rodent
feeding studies.4 Cases of bladder tumors
among rat catchers exposed to ANTU have
been attributed to b-naphthylamine, a manufacturing
impurity of ANTU. In bacterial
assays ANTU induced mutations. | | Environmental Fate | Chemical/Physical. The hydrolysis rate constant for ANTU at pH 7 and 25°C was
determined to be 8 × 10–5/hour, resulting in a half-life of 361 days (Ellington et al., 1988)
Emits very toxic fumes of nitrogen and sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition
(Lewis, 1990) | | storage | α-Naphthalene thiourea should be kept stored in a tightly closed container in a locked
poison room, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. | | Shipping | UN1651 Naphthylthiourea, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. | | Purification Methods | Crystallise ANTU from EtOH. [Beilstein 12 III 2941, 12 IV 3086.] | | Toxicity evaluation | ANTU toxicity in the rat is thought to depend on metabolic
activation via the hepatic and lung microsomal enzymes. Two
important metabolites are formed: ANU and atomic sulfur.
ANTU pulmonary toxicity may result, in part, from covalent
binding of sulfur or a metabolite containing carbonyl carbon of
ANTU to macromolecules of liver and lung microsomes. The
covalent binding of atomic sulfur released in the cytochrome
P450 monooxygenase-catalyzed metabolism of thiono-sulfur
compounds is responsible for monooxygenase activity being
inhibited. Damage to liver and possibly lung edema and
neoplasia result from the covalent binding of the electrophilic
S-oxides, S-dioxides or carbene derivatives of these S-oxides
and S-dioxides to tissue macromolecules.
However, it is not known if these metabolites are seen in
humans. ANTU is believed to act on certain enzyme systems
involving the sulfhydryl group similar to other sulfhydryl
inhibitors, such as alloxan, iodoacetamide, and oxophenarsine,
which cause pulmonary edema. Hence the mechanism
of action of causing pulmonary edema from the toxic
effects of these sulfhydryl inhibitors and ANTU is assumed to
be similar. Additionally, ANTU-induced lung damage has
been linked to the formation of oxygen free radicals produced
via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Following exposure to
ANTU, there are a number of biochemical events, such as
alteration in carbohydrate metabolism, adrenal stimulation,
and interaction of the chemical with sulfhydryl groups, but
none of these appear to bear any relationship to the observed
signs of toxicity. | | Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, silver nitrate. | | Waste Disposal | Incinerate in a furnace
equipped with an alkaline scrubber. Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on
acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing
this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with
EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment,
and waste disposal. | | Precautions | Workers should use/handle α-naphthalene thiourea with adequate ventilation. During
use, dust generation and accumulation should be minimum, and avoid contact with the
eyes, skin, and clothing. |
| | 1-(1-NAPHTHYL)-2-THIOUREA Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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