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| | n-Propyl nitrate Basic information |
| Product Name: | n-Propyl nitrate | | Synonyms: | Monopropyl nitrate;n-C3H7ONO2;Nitrate de propyle normal;nitratedepropylenormal;nitricacid,propylester;nitricacidpropylester;m-Propyl nitrate;Nitric acid propyl | | CAS: | 627-13-4 | | MF: | C3H7NO3 | | MW: | 105.09 | | EINECS: | 210-985-0 | | Product Categories: | | | Mol File: | 627-13-4.mol |  |
| | n-Propyl nitrate Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -99.99°C | | Boiling point | bp762 110°; bp760 84.8° | | density | d420 1.0538 | | vapor pressure | 18 at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997) | | refractive index | nD20 1.3979 | | solubility | Soluble in ether (Weast, 1986) and many alcohols including methanol, ethanol, propanol, and
butanol. | | form | Clear to yellow liquid | | Henry's Law Constant | 9.09 at 25 °C (Kames and Schurath, 1992) | | Exposure limits | NIOSH REL: TWA 25 ppm (109 mg/m3), STEL 40 ppm (170 mg/m3), IDLH
500 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 25 ppm, STEL 40 ppm (adopted). | | EPA Substance Registry System | n-Propyl nitrate (627-13-4) |
| | n-Propyl nitrate Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | White to straw-colored liquid; ethereal
odor. Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol
and ether.
| | Chemical Properties | n-Propyl nitrate is a colorless to pale yellow
liquid. Ethereal odor. | | Physical properties | Colorless to light yellow, flammable liquid with an ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration
is 50 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). | | Uses | Fuel ignition promoter; rocket propellants;
organic intermediate. | | Uses | Fuel ignition promoter, in rocket fuel formulations, as organic intermediate. | | General Description | A white to straw-colored liquid with an ether-like odor. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Flash point 70°F. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a fuel. Shock sensitive. The shock sensitivity is removed by addition of 1-2% of propane, butane, chloroform, ethyl ether, or methyl ether. | | Air & Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Insoluble in water. | | Reactivity Profile | Organonitrates, such as n-Propyl nitrate, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes. Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally explosive. Contact with either strong oxidizers or with combustibles may cause fires and explosions. | | Hazard | Flammable, severe fire and explosion risk,
strong oxidizing material, explosive limits in air 2–
100%. Nausea and headache.
| | Health Hazard | Exposure can cause anoxia and cyanosis. Other effects are weakness, dizziness, and severe headaches. | | Fire Hazard | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases and vapors, such as oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire. | | Safety Profile | Poison by intravenous
route. Inhalation can cause hypotension and
methemoglobinemia. Dangerous fire hazard
when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.
Explosive in the form of vapor when
exposed to heat or flame. A shock-sensitive
explosive. It can be desensitized by the
addition of 1-2% propane, butane,
chloroform, dunethyl ether, or dithyl ether.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. Used as a fuel ignition
promoter, chemical intermediate, and in the
manufacture of rocket fuels. See also
NITRATES and ESTERS. | | Potential Exposure | Propyl nitrate has been used as an
intermediate as a rocket propellant and as an ignition
improver in diesel fuels. | | Shipping | UN1865 n-Propyl nitrate, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid. | | Incompatibilities | Vapor may form explosive mixture with
air. Reacts with reducing agents, combustible materials;
may be violent. A shock-sensitive explosive. The shock
sensitivity is removed by addition of 1%?2% of propane,
butane, chloroform, ethyl ether, or methyl ether . May
explode on heating. Forms explosive mixtures with com-
bustible materials. This material is an organonitrate. They
can range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed
with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides, and
nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates
in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents,
but still react violently with reducing agents at higher tem-
perature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic
bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides
increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes.
Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally
explosive. Contact with either strong oxidizers or with
combustibles may cause fires and explosions . | | Waste Disposal | Incineration: large quantities
of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic
or scrubbing processes . An alternative route suggested
involves pouring over soda ash, neutralizing with HCl and
flushing to the drain with water. |
| | n-Propyl nitrate Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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