| Description | Aluminium phosphate occurs in nature as the mineral, berlinite. Also, it occurs in nature in minerals, amblygonite, [NaAl(PO4)(OH)]; augelite, [Al2(PO4)(OH)3]; lazulite, [(Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2]; variscite [(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)•2H2O]; and wavellite, [Al3(OH)3•(PO4)2•5H2O]. It is used as flux for ceramics; as cement in combination with calcium sulfate and sodium silicate; and in the manufacture of special glasses. It is also used in dried gel and therapeutically as an antacid.
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| Chemical Properties | White or almost white powder. |
| Chemical Properties | Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is a white hydrogel that sediments
slowly and forms a clear supernatant. |
| Chemical Properties | Aluminum orthophosphate is a white crystalline solid which is often used in liquid or gel form |
| Physical properties | White powdery solid (rhombic plate); the mineral berlinite (AlPO4) has hexagonal quartz-like structure; refractive index 1.546; mp > 1,500°C; density 2.566 g/cu3; insoluble in water and alcohol; Ksp 9.83x10-10 very slightly soluble in HCl or HNO3. |
| Occurrence | The compound occurs in nature as the mineral, berlinite. Also, it occurs in nature in minerals, amblygonite, [NaAl(PO4)(OH)]; augelite, [Al2(PO4)(OH)3]; lazulite, [(Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2]; variscite [(Al,Fe3+)(PO4)?2H2O]; and wavellite, [Al3(OH)3?(PO4)2?5H2O]. It is used as flux for ceramics; as cement in combination with calcium sulfate and sodium silicate; and in the manufacture of special glasses. It is also used in dried gel and therapeutically as an antacid. |
| Uses | As a flux for ceramics, preparation of dental cement, cement with calcium sulfate and sodium silicate, special glasses, as gel in pharmacy.Aluminum phosphate is used as catalysts, molecular sieves, flux for ceramics and as a gel in pharmacy. It is employed in the preparation of dental cement, emollients and fire-resistant coating. It plays an important role as an anti-fouling agent in textile industry. |
| Uses | Antacid; vaccine adjuvant |
| Preparation | It is prepared by treating sodium aluminate with phosphoric acid. |
| Production Methods | Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is formed by the reaction of a
solution of aluminum chloride and phosphoric acid with alkali
hydroxide. |
| Brand name | Phosphaljel
(Wyeth-Ayerst). |
| General Description | A colorless liquid. Insoluble in water. Corrosive to metals and tissue. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| Reactivity Profile | An acid. The resulting aqueous solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. |
| Hazard | Solutions are corrosive to tissue. |
| Health Hazard | TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. |
| Fire Hazard | Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. |
| Flammability and Explosibility | Nonflammable |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is used in parenteral human and
veterinary vaccines.It activates Th2 immune responses, including
IgG and IgE antibody responses. |
| Safety Profile | Corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx. Used as an antacid and as a cement component, flux for ceramics, dental cement, glass, and gels. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS and PHOSPHATES |
| Safety | Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is intended for use in parenteral
vaccines and is generally regarded as safe. It may cause mild
irritation, dryness, and dermatitis on skin contact. It may also cause
redness, conjunctivitis, and short-term mild irritation on eye
contact. Ingestion of large amounts of aluminum phosphate
adjuvant may cause respiratory irritation with nausea, vomiting,
and constipation. Inhalation is unlikely, although the dried product
may cause respiratory irritation and cough. Type I hypersensitivity
reactions following parenteral administration have also been
reported. |
| Potential Exposure | Used as a flux in ceramics; in dental cements; in the manufacture of special glasses, paints and varnishes, cosmetics; making pulp and paper; as an antacid.
|
| storage | Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is stable for at least 2 years when
stored at 4–308℃ in well-sealed inert containers. It must not be
allowed to freeze as the hydrated colloid structure will be
irreversibly damaged. |
| Shipping | UN1760 Corrosive liquids, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. UN3260 Corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. |
| Incompatibilities | A strong oxidizer; keep away from combustible materials. Violent reaction with reducing agents; strong bases. Material is an inorganic acid and will react, possibly violently, with bases; corrosive to metals, some plastics and body tissues |
| Incompatibilities | The point of zero charge is related directly to the Al : P atomic ratio.
Therefore, the substitution of additional phosphate groups for
hydroxyl groups will lower the point of zero charge. Substitution of
carbonate, sulfate, or borate ions for hydroxyl groups will also
lower the point of zero charge. |
| Regulatory Status | GRAS listed. Accepted for use in human and veterinary vaccines in
Europe and the USA. The limits for use in human vaccines are
0.85 mg aluminum/dose (FDA) and 1.25 mg aluminum/dose
(WHO). There are no established limits for use in veterinary
vaccines. Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory. |
