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| | Yttrium oxide Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 2410 °C | | Boiling point | 81-83 °C | | density | 5.01 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) | | Fp | 12 °C | | storage temp. | no restrictions. | | form | nanopowder | | color | White | | Specific Gravity | 5.01 | | PH | 10±1 | | Water Solubility | Insoluble | | Sensitive | Air Sensitive | | Merck | 14,10107 | | Exposure limits | ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 500 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3 | | InChIKey | SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | CAS DataBase Reference | 1314-36-9(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) (1314-36-9) |
| Hazard Codes | Xi,F | | Risk Statements | 36/37/38-67-36/37-36-11 | | Safety Statements | 26-36-37/39-16 | | RIDADR | UN1950 | | WGK Germany | 1 | | RTECS | ZG3850000 | | F | 3-9 | | TSCA | Yes | | HazardClass | 2.1 | | HS Code | 28469011 | | Toxicity | mouse,LD50,intraperitoneal,430mg/kg (430mg/kg),"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 121, 1982. |
| | Yttrium oxide Usage And Synthesis |
| Physical Properties | White powder; body-centered cubic structure; density 5.03 g/cm3; melts at 2,436°C; insoluble in water; soluble in dilute acids.
 | | Uses | Yttrium Oxide, also called Yttria, high purity Yttrium Oxides are the most important materials for tri-bands Rare Earth phosphors which give the red colour in colour television & computer tubes. In optical industry, the Yttrium Oxide is used to produce Yttrium-Iron-Garnets, which are very effective microwave filters. Low purity of Yttrium Oxide are widely applied in electronic ceramics. It is widely used to make Eu:YVO4 and Eu:Y2O3 phosphors that give the red color in color TV picture tubes.
Also, it is used in gas mantles and acetylene lights. Other uses are in yttriumiron garnets for microwave filters in lasers, and as a stabilizer for high temperature in refractories.
| | Preparation | Yttrium oxide is produced as an intermediate in recovery of yttrium from xenotime and monazite (See Yttrium, Recovery). The oxide is produced after separation of rare earth sulfates obtained from digesting the mineral with sulfuric acid on a cation exchange bed, precipitating yttrium fraction as oxalate, and igniting the oxalate at 750°C.
Yttrium oxide also may be obtained by thermal decomposition of yttrium nitrate.
| | Chemical Properties | white powder(s) or sintered tablets and pieces of 99.9% purity; bcc; readily absorbs atmospheric CO2; enthalpy of fusion 105.00 kJ/mol; used in crucible form for experimental, proprietary melting, also sintered pieces used as evaporation material for hard film dielectric coating and thin film capacitors, and as 99.999%, 99.99%, 99.9% pure sputtering target for preparing hard films, dielectric coatings, and thin film capacitor [CER91] [MER06] [CRC10] | | Uses | Yttrium oxide is an excellent mineralizing agent for spinel formation. Yttrium oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science as well as inorganic compounds. Provides easy application of uniform, thin, protective high temperature Yttrium Oxide coatings. Yttrium Oxide is used to produce Yttrium-Iron-Garnets, which are very effective microwave filters. Low purity of Yttrium Oxide are widely applied in electronic ceramics. Yttrium Oxide is also used to make Yttrium-Iron-Garnets, which are very effective microwave filters. | | Uses | Yttrium oxide was used in the preparation of pervoskite type structure, YAlO3, containing chrome ions.1 The effect of yttrium oxide dopant on the phase formation and sintering characteristics was studied. It may be used in the manufacturing of neodymium Nd:YAG lasers and in components of MOS and LED transistors. | | Uses | | Industry | Application | Role/benefit | | Gas lighting | Manufacture of gas mantles | Effective component/has extremely high temperature stability | | Inorganic synthesis | Manufacture of Yttrium compounds | Raw material/source of Yttrium | | ceramic | Manufacture of pure ceramic | Raw material or additive/has extremely high temperature stability and outstanding resistance to alkaline melts | | Manufacture of other ceramicmaterial (Si3N4,AIN,ZrO2, etc.) | | Multilayer ceramic capacitors | | Display materials | Color TV picture tubes | Additive material/used as raw material to make Eu:YVo4 and Eu:Y2O3 phosphors that give the red color | | Field-emission displays | | Plasma display panels | | Flat-panel displays | | cathode ray tube screens | | lnsulator | lnsulator coating | Effective component/extremely thermodynamically stable and resistant to many reactive molten metals | | Laminated insulator | | Nuclear technology | Coating material for graphite in nuclear technology | Main component/extremely thermodynamically stable | | Diluting uranium oxide for nuclear fuel rods | Diluting agent/ Yttrium oxide can form a solid solution with uranium oxide | | Refractory | Coating material for high-temperature applications | Main component/extremely thermodynamically stable | | Others | Manufacture of steel, non-ferrous alloys and iron | Additive/extremely thermodynamically stable | | Manufacture of IR and UV translucent glass | | Manufacture of high-temperature superconductors | | Preparation of permanent magnets | Additive | | Prospective solid-state laser material | Dopant / lasers with ytterbium allow the efficient operation both in continuous operation and in pulsed regimes | | Making Yttrium iron garnets for powerful microwave filters | Raw material/source of Yttrium | | Ultrafast sensors used in g-ray and x-rays | Additive | | Paints and plastics | Additive/decreases UV degradation |
| | General Description | Yttrium oxide is an excellent mineralizing agent for spinel formation. It has a high melting point(2450oC), chemical stability, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high transparency for both visible (70%) and infrared (60%) light, low cut off energy of photons. | | Flammability and Explosibility | Nonflammable | | Safety Profile | A poison by intraperitoneal route. See also
YTTRIUM and RARE EARTHS. |
| | Yttrium oxide Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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