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| | FERBAM Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 180°C (dec.) | | density | 0.21[at 20℃] | | vapor pressure | 2 x 10-11 Pa (est.) | | storage temp. | 0-6°C | | solubility | DMSO (Slightly) | | Water Solubility | 130 mg l-1 (room temperature) | | form | solid | | color | Black | | Hydrolytic Sensitivity | 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions | | Merck | 14,4013 | | Exposure limits | NIOSH 10 mg/m3, IDLH 800 mg/m3; OSHA PEL: TWA 15 mg/m3; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 mg/m3.
| | Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidants. | | InChIKey | WHDGWKAJBYRJJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K | | LogP | -1.597 at 20℃ | | CAS DataBase Reference | 14484-64-1 | | IARC | 3 (Vol. 12, Sup 7) 1987 | | EPA Substance Registry System | Ferbam (14484-64-1) |
| | FERBAM Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | odourless black solid | | Chemical Properties | Ferbam is a combustible, odorless dark
brown to black powder or granular solid | | Uses | Nonphytotoxic fungicide used to control scab on fruits and other crops. | | Uses | Ferbam is a protective fungicide applied to foliage to control scab
on pome fruit, peach leaf curl, blue mould on tobacco and other diseases
on many other crops. It is often used in combinations with other dithiocarbamates
to extend the spectrum of activity. | | Uses | Fruit fungicide. | | Definition | A wettable powder containing 76% ferbam. | | General Description | Ferbam is a carbamate fungicide. It is a stable, black powder and combustible and gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Ferbam is incompatible with strong oxidants. It is used for foliar protectant against scab, rust, mould, and many fungal diseases on fruits, vegetables, melons, and ornamentals. Also, it works as a repellent towards Japanese beetles. The major uses of ferbam are in the control of apple scab and cedar apple rust, peach leaf curl, tobacco blue mould, and cranberry diseases. Ferbam is a broad-spectrum registered fungicide for the control of certain diseases in fruit trees, small fruit and berry crops, potatoes, ornamentals, conifers, and tobacco and for use on citrus, pome, stone fruits, and cranberries. Major areas of use include Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and other countries. Ferbam is used as water-dispersible granule, 76WG.
| | Air & Water Reactions | Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids. | | Reactivity Profile | FERBAM is a dithiocarbamate. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides. | | Hazard | Irritant to eyes and mucous membranes.
Questionable carcinogen. | | Health Hazard | Ferbam is an irritant of the eyes
and respiratory tract; in animals it causes
central nervous system depression, and it is
expected that severe exposure will cause the
same effect in humans. | | Flammability and Explosibility | Notclassified | | Agricultural Uses | Fungicide: Registered for use in the U.S. and Canada. Not approved
for use in EU countries. A dimethyl-dithiocarbamate fungicide. It is widely used, together with other fungicides, to
control Postbloom Fruit Drop (PFD) on citrus crops, and as
a foliar protectant against scab, rust, mold and many fungus
disease on fruits, vegetables, melons and ornamentals. It is
registered in several states for use on currents and gooseberries to control leaf spot disease, and on apple, crabapple, hawthorn and quince to control cedar-apple rust disease. It is used
to control rust disease on shrubs and ornamentals. | | Trade name | AI3-14689®; AAFERTIS®; APPLE DUST
No. 1®[C]; BERCEMA FERTAM 50®; CASWELL No.
458®; FERBAM 50®; FERBECK®; FERMATE FERBAM
FUNGICIDE®[C]; FERMOCIDE®; FERRADOUR®;
FERRADOW®; FUKLASIN ULTRA®; HEXAFERB®;
HOKMATE®; KARBAM BLACK®; KARBAM
CARBAMATE®; KNOCKMATE®; NIACIDE®;
STAUFFER FERBAM®; SUP’R-FLO FERBAM
FLOWABLE®; TRICARBAMIX®[C]; TRIFUNGOL®;
VANCIDE FE95®[C] | | Safety Profile | Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and
reproductive effects. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic
and tumorigenic data. Mutation data
reported. A fungicide. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. See also CARBAiMATES. | | Potential Exposure | A dithiocarbamate. A potential danger
to those involved in the production, formulation and application of this dithiocarbamate; used as a fungicide, rubber
accelerator, and plastics prodegradant. Some dithiocarbamates have been used as rubber components | | Environmental Fate | Plant. Decomposes in plants to ethylene thiourea, ethylene thiuram monosul?de, ethylene thiuram disul?de and sulfur (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in acidic media releasing carbon disul?de. Decomposes in water forming ethylene thiourea (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Decomposes >180°C (Windholz et al., 1983) emitting toxic fumes of nitrogen and sulfur oxides (Lewis, 1990; Sax and Lewis, 1987).
| | Metabolic pathway | Ferbam generates dimethyldithiocarbamic acid by being cleaved in acidic
conditions and in biological media. The acid is conjugated with glucose
and alanine in plants and with glucuronic acid in mammals. Dimethyldithiocarbamic
acid is further degraded to dimethylamine and CS2. An
extensive review of the properties of the dithiocarbamate pesticides was
published by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 1988) from which
much of the following information is taken. | | Shipping | UN2771 Dithiocarbamate and Thiocarbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous
materials. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required | | Degradation | Ferbam is hydrolysed in acidic media forming dimethyldithiocarbamic
acid (2) that in turn decomposes to liberate carbon disulfide (PM) (see
Scheme 1). | | Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Heat alkalies (lime); moisture can cause decomposition. Decomposes on prolonged
storage. Dithiocarbamate esters are combustible. They react
violently with powerful oxidizers such as calcium hypochlorite. Poisonous gases are generated by the thermal decomposition of Dithiocarbamate compounds, including carbon
disulfide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and methylamine. Thio and dithiocarbamates
slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions
are accelerated by acids. Flammable gases are generated by
the combination of dithiocarbamate with aldehydes, nitrides,
and hydrides. Dithiocarbamate are incompatible with acids,
peroxides, and acid halides. | | Waste Disposal | Ferbam is hydrolyzed by
alkali and is unstable to moisture, lime and heat. Ferbam
can be incinerated. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and
pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or
federal environmental control agency, or by contacting
your regional EPA office. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal |
| | FERBAM Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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