| | 1-Pentene Basic information |
| | 1-Pentene Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -165 °C | | Boiling point | 29.9-30.1 °C (lit.) | | density | 0.641 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) | | vapor density | 2.4 (vs air) | | vapor pressure | 10.27 psi ( 20 °C) | | refractive index | n20/D 1.371(lit.) | | Fp | −20 °F | | storage temp. | 2-8°C | | solubility | alcohol: miscible(lit.) | | form | Liquid | | pka | >14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993) | | Specific Gravity | 0.64 | | color | Clear colorless | | Odor | Like gasoline. | | Odor Threshold | 0.1ppm | | explosive limit | 8.7% | | Water Solubility | 0.15 g/L (20 ºC) | | Merck | 14,7122 | | BRN | 1731629 | | Henry's Law Constant | 0.406 at 25 °C (Hine and Mookerjee, 1975) | | Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable - readily forms explosive mixtures with air. | | LogP | 2.4-2.66 at 25℃ | | CAS DataBase Reference | 109-67-1(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NIST Chemistry Reference | 1-Pentene(109-67-1) | | EPA Substance Registry System | 1-Pentene (109-67-1) |
| | 1-Pentene Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | 1-Pentene, C5H10, is a flammable liquid with specific gravity
0.641. It occurs in coal tar and in petroleum cracking
mixtures, and polymerizes on extended periods of storage
(15, 320). | | Physical properties | Clear, colorless, volatile, very flammable liquid with a disagreeable odor. An odor threshold
concentration of 10 ppbv was determined by a triangular odor bag method (Nagata and Takeuchi,
1990). | | Uses | 1-Pentene is used in the preparation of d-xylitol, l-arabinitol and hydrazones of substituted salicylaldehydes. It is also used as a blending agent for of high-octane gasoline. It reacts with p-toluenesulfinate to yield 1-(2-iodo-pentane-1-sulfonyl)-4-methyl-benzene. It is also involved in Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography analysis. | | Uses | Blending agent for high octane motor fuel; organic synthesis. | | Production Methods | 1-Pentene is prepared from allyl bromide and ethyl magnesium
bromide in ether or in dipropyl ether. | | General Description | Colorless liquid with an odor of gasoline. Flash point -20°F(Aldrich). Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Hence floats on water. Flammable vapor is produced. Boiling point 86°F. | | Air & Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Insoluble in water. | | Reactivity Profile | 1-Pentene may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. May undergo exothermic polymerization reactions in the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators. | | Health Hazard | Acts as a simple asphyxiant or weak anesthetic in high vapor concentrations. Similar to effects caused by gasoline vapors. | | Fire Hazard | Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode in fire. | | Chemical Reactivity | Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent. | | Potential Exposure | Workers in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. | | Source | Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic
compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds
from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission
rate of 1-pentene was 8.6 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of 1-pentene were not measured
during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained 1-pentene at a concentration of 1.48 g/kg.
Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic
converters were 0.40 and 51.8 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002). | | Environmental fate | Biological. Biooxidation of 1-pentene may occur yielding 4-penten-1-ol, which may oxidize to
give 4-pentenoic acid (Dugan, 1972). Washed cell suspensions of bacteria belonging to the genera
Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Xanthobacter, and Pseudomonas and growing on selected alkenes
metabolized 1-pentene to 1,2-epoxypentane. Mycobacterium sp., growing on ethene, hydrolyzed
1,2-epoxypropane to 1,2-propanediol (Van Ginkel et al., 1987).
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of 1-pentene and OH
radicals in the atmosphere: 1.8 x 10-13 cm3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Hendry and Kenley, 1979); 3.14
x 10-11 cm3/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1990). Atkinson (1990) also reported a photooxidation rate
constant of 1.10 x 10-17 cm3/molecule?sec for the reaction of 1-pentene and ozone.
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. | | Shipping | UN1108 1-Pentene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid | | Incompatibilities | Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Excessive heat may cause polymerization. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, heat. Incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides; oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. | | Waste Disposal | Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. |
| | 1-Pentene Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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