Boron trichloride

Boron trichloride Basic information
Product Name:Boron trichloride
Synonyms:trichloro-boran;Trichloroborane;Trichloroboron;trichloro-Boron;Trona boron trichloride;BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN HEPT ANE;BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0 M SOLUTION IN TO&;BORON TRICHLORIDE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN P-XY LENE
CAS:10294-34-5
MF:BCl3
MW:117.17
EINECS:233-658-4
Product Categories:Imidazoles;BoronChemical Synthesis;Compressed and Liquefied GasesMicro/Nanoelectronics;Electronic Chemicals;Gases;Synthetic Reagents;Inorganics;Boron;BoronSynthetic Reagents;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Lewis Acids;25mL Sure/Seal Reagents;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Lewis Acids;Organometallic Reagents;Synthetic Reagents
Mol File:10294-34-5.mol
Boron trichloride Structure
Boron trichloride Chemical Properties
Melting point −107 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 12.5 °C(lit.)
density 1.326 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density 4.05 (vs air)
vapor pressure 29.72 psi ( 55 °C)
Fp 84 °F
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility Miscible with dichloromethane, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, dimethyl formamide, aromatic solvents, saturated and halogenated hydrocarbon.
form Solution
color White
Water Solubility decomposes
Sensitive Moisture Sensitive
Merck 14,1348
Exposure limitsACGIH: TWA 50 ppm
OSHA: TWA 25 ppm; STEL 125 ppm
NIOSH: IDLH 2300 ppm
Stability:Unstable. Incompatible with metals. Reacts violently with water. Reacts vigorously with aniline, phosphine, dinitrogen tetroxide. Fumes in moist air.
CAS DataBase Reference10294-34-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceBorane, trichloro-(10294-34-5)
EPA Substance Registry SystemBoron trichloride (10294-34-5)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T+,T,N,F
Risk Statements 14-26/28-36/37/38-40-67-65-62-51/53-48/20-34-11-50/53-26/27/28-63-39/23/24/25-24-21-10
Safety Statements 9-26-28-36/37/39-45-8-61-38-28A-16-1-60-33-23-7/9-62-36/37
RIDADR UN 3390 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany 3
RTECS ED1925000
10-21
Hazard Note Very toxic
TSCA Yes
DOT Classification2.3, Hazard Zone C (Gas poisonous by inhalation)
HazardClass 2.3
PackingGroup II
HS Code 28121049
Hazardous Substances Data10294-34-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
Boron trichloride Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionBoron trichloride is a colorless, acid gas that fumes in the presence of moist air. It is packaged in steel cylinders as a liquid under its own vapor pressure of 19.1 psia (132 kPa, abs) at 70°F (21.1°C). It reacts with water or moist air to produce hydrochloric and boric acid.
Chemical PropertiesBoron trichloride is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. It reacts violently with water, and on decomposition and hydrolysis yields hydrochloric and boric acid. It has a pungent, highly irritating odor. Occupational exposure to boron and boron compounds can occur in industries that produce special glass, washing powder, soap and cosmetics, leather, cement, etc.
UsesBoron trichloride is a Lewis acid, forming stable addition compounds with such donors as ammonia and the amines and is used in the laboratory to promote reactions that liberate these donors. The compound is important industrially as a source of pure boron (reduction with hydrogen) for the electronics industry. It is also used for the preparation of boranes by reaction with metal hydrides.
Usesmanufacture of and purification of boron; as catalyst for organic reactions; in semiconductors; in bonding of iron, steels; in purification of metal alloys to remove oxides, nitrides and carbides.
UsesBoron trichloride is used in the refining of aluminum, copper, magnesium, and zinc to remove oxides, nitrides, and carbides trom the molten metal. Carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen can be removed from an aluminum melt by treating with boron trichloride. It also improves the tensile strength of aluminum and will allow remelting without a major change in the grain structure.
The electronic industry benefits trom boron trichloride in many applications. It is used in the production of optical fibers, as a p-type dopant for thermal diffusion in silicon, and for ion implantation.
DefinitionA fuming liquid made by passing dry chlorine over heated boron. It is rapidly hydrolysed by water: BCl3 + 3H2O → 3HCl + H3BO3 As there are only three pairs of shared electrons in the outer shell of the boron atom, boron halides form very stable addition compounds with ammonia by the acceptance of a lone electron pair in a coordinate bond to complete a shared octet.
PreparationBoron trichloride can be prepared by high temperature chlorination of boron trioxide, boric acid, metal borates or other boron compounds. Chlorine, hydrogen chloride, phosgene, silicon tetrachloride, metal chlorides, carbontetrachloride, sulfuryl chloride and phosphorus tri- and pentachlorides are some of the common chlorinating agents. The reaction is carried out at temperatures varying between 400° to 1,400°C, depending on the reactants used. In commercial processes, carbon is generally used to reduce boron oxide during its chlorination. Some of the preparative reactions are outlined below:
B2O3 + 2PCl3 → 2BCl3 + P2O3
2B2O3 + 3CCl4 → 4BCl3 + 3CO2
B2O3 + 3C+ 3Cl2 → 2BCl3 + 3CO
2B(OH)3 +3C + 3Cl2 → 2BCl3 + 3CO + 3H2O
B2O3 + 3C + 6HCl → 2BCl3 + 3CO + 3H2
Na2B4O7 + 7C + 14HCl → 4BCl3 + 2NaCl + 7CO + 7H2
2KBF4 + 3MgCl2 → 2BCl3 + 2KF + 3MgF2
Boron trichloride may also be obtained by high temperature chlorination of boron:
2B + 3Cl2 → 2BCl3
B + 3AgCl → BCl3 + 3Ag
In the laboratory, boron trichloride may be made at ordinary temperatures by the reaction of boron trifluoride with aluminum chloride:
BF3 + AlCl3 → BCl3 + AlF3









General DescriptionBoron trichloride appears as a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Fumes irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue and is toxic. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat, the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Used as a catalyst in chemical manufacture, in soldering fluxes, and for many other uses.
Air & Water ReactionsFumes in air, including moisture in air and soil, to form hydrochloric acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Reacts vigorously with water and forms hydrochloric acid fumes and boric acid.
Reactivity ProfileBoron trichloride vigorously attacks elastomers and packing materials. Contact with Viton, Tygon, Saran and natural and synthetic rubbers is not recommended. Highly corrosive to most metals in the presence of moisture. Reacts energetically with nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetraoxide, aniline, phosphine, triethylsilane, or fat and grease [Mellor 5:132 1946-47]. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides).
Health HazardBoron trichloride is highly irritating and corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.may cause severe burns to skin. May result in marked fluid and electrolyte loss and shock. On acute inhalation, boron trichloride result in sneezing, hoarseness, choking, laryngitis, and respiratory tract irritation along with bleeding of the nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, bronchitis, pneumonia, dyspnea, chest pain, and pulmonary edema.
Fire HazardWhen heated to decomposition, Boron trichloride emits toxic fumes of chlorides. Boron trichloride will react with water or steam to produce heat, and toxic and corrosive fumes. In hot water, decomposes to hydrochloric acid and boric acid. Fumes and hydrolyzes in moist air to form hydrochloric acid and oily, irritating corrosives. Avoid aniline, hexafluorisopropylidene amino lithium, nitrogen dioxide, phosphine, grease, organic matter, and oxygen. Nitrogen peroxide, phosphine, fat or grease react energetically with Boron trichloride . Oxygen and Boron trichloride react vigorously on sparking. Boron trichloride and aniline react violently in the absence of a coolant or diluent. Stable.
Potential ExposureUsed in refining of aluminum, magnesium, copper alloys, and in polymerization of styrene. Manufacture and purification of boron; catalyst in organic reactions; semiconductors; bonding of iron or steel; purification of metal alloys to remove oxides, nitrides, and carbides; chemical intermediate for boron filaments; soldering flux; electrical resistors; and extinguishing magnesium fires in heat treating furnaces.
Physiological effectsBoron trichloride is irritating and corrosive to all living tissue. Exposure of skin tissue to higher concentrations of boron trichloride or the liquid can cause hydrochloric acid bums and skin lesions resulting in tissue destruction and scarring. Chemical pneumonitis (deep lung inflammation) and pulmonary edema (abnormal fluid buildup in the lungs) result trom excessive exposure to the lower respiratory tract and deep lung. Bums to the eyes result in lesions and possible loss of vision. Symptoms of exposure include tearing of eyes, coughing, labored breathing, and excessive salivary and sputum formation.
ACGIH has not established a Threshold Limit Value (TLV?) for boron trichloride. It is recommended that compliance with the 5 ppm ceiling limit (TLV-C) for hydrogen chloride be used.
storageBoron trichloride cylinders should be protected from physical damage. The cylinders should be stored upright and fi rmly secured to prevent falling or being knocked over, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area of non-combustible construction away from heavily traffi cked areas and emergency exits
Purification MethodsPurify it (from chlorine) by passage through two mercury-filled bubblers, then fractionally distil it under a slight vacuum. In a more extensive purification the nitrobenzene addition compound is formed by passage of the gas over nitrobenzene in a vacuum system at 10o. Volatile impurities are removed from the crystalline yellow solid by pumping at -20o, and the BCl3 is recovered by warming the addition compound at 50o. Passage through a trap at -78o removes entrained nitrobenzene, the BCl3 finally condensing in a trap at -112o [Brown & Holmes J Am Chem Soc 78 2173 1956]. Also purify it by condensing it into a trap cooled in acetone/Dry-ice, where it is pumped for 15minutes to remove volatile impurities. It is then warmed, recondensed and again pumped. [Gamble Inorg Synth III 27 1950.] TOXIC.
IncompatibilitiesIncompatible with lead, graphiteimpregnated asbestos, potassium, sodium. Vigorously attacks elastomers, packing materials, natural and synthetic rubber; viton, tygon, saran, silastic elastomers. Avoid aniline, hexafluorisopropylidene amino lithium, nitrogen dioxide, phosphine, grease, organic matter; and oxygen. Nitrogen peroxide, phosphine. Fat or grease react vigorously with boron trichloride. It reacts with water or steam to produce heat, boric acid, and corrosive hydrochloric acid fumes. Oxygen and boron trichloride react vigorously on sparking. Attacks most metals in the presence of moisture.
Waste DisposalReturn refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Nonrefillable cylinders should be disposed of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Allow remaining gas to vent slowly into atmosphere in an unconfined area or exhaust hood. Refillabletype cylinders should be returned to original supplier with any valve caps and outlet plugs secured and valve protection caps in place.
PrecautionsBoron trichloride vigorously attacks elastomers and packing materials, natural and synthetic rubbers. It also reacts energetically with nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetraoxide, aniline, phosphine, triethylsilane, or fat and grease. It reacts exothermically with chemical bases such as amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides. Occupational workers should use gloves of neoprene or butyl rubber, PVC or polyethylene, safety goggles, or glasses and face shield, and safety shoes.
GRADES AVAILABLEBoron trichloride is available for commercial and industrial purposes with a minimum purity of99.9 percent by weight.
Boron trichloride is also available in ultra high purity grades for use in the electronics industry. Gas purity guidelines have been developed and published by the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International and can be found in the Book ofSEMI Standards.
Hydrogen Sulfide SULFURYL FLUORIDE Boron BORON TRICHLORIDE-METHYL SULFIDE COMPLEX 1,4-DIOXANE TRICHLOROBORANE BORON TRICHLORIDE, METHANOL REAGENT 10 Trichlorine nitride TRONA(R) BORON TRICHLORIDE BORON TRICHLORIDE/METHANOL trichloro(N,N-dimethylbenzylamine)boron 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, boron complex 2-Chloroethanol BORON TRIFLUORIDE, N-PROPANOL REAGENT 15 Dichloromethane Boron trichloride/2-chloroethanol,(1:x),BORON TRICHLORIDE, 2-CHLOROETHANOL REAGENT 10 Boron trichloride trichloro(N,N-dimethyloctylamine)boron Boron nitride

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