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| | Abacavir sulfate Basic information |
| | Abacavir sulfate Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 222-225°C | | storage temp. | 2-8°C | | solubility | H2O: ≥17mg/mL | | form | powder | | color | white to tan | | optical activity | [α]/D -30 to -40°, c = 0.5 in methanol | | Water Solubility | 1.68ug/L(32 ºC) | | BCS Class | 3 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 188062-50-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| | Abacavir sulfate Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | Abacavir sulfate was first launched as Ziagen in the US for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Abacavir is a carbocyclic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nRTI); it is one of the most potent anti-HIV agents to date. In vitro, Abacavir is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication. Resistance to Abacavir develops more slowly than for other anti-HIV agents. Abacavir is highly synergistic with protease inhibitors such as Amprenavir. In clinical trials for HIV infections in adults, it produced durable suppression in viral load. Combinations with different protease inhibitors such as Nelfinavir, Saquinavir or Indinavir markedly reduced plasma viral load to undetectable levels for at least 48 weeks, and significantly raised CD4+ cell counts in adults with HIV infection, especially nRTI-naive patients. Abacavir has a good oral availability and its penetration into CSF is much more significant than for other anti-HIV drugs. The two major metabolites identified in humans were the 5'-carboxylate and the 5'-glucuronide, mainly excreted via the renal route. | | Chemical Properties | Abacavir sulfate is white to off-white crystalline powder and the solubility is pH dependent with minimal solubility at basic pH and increased solubility at acid. This active substance is slightly soluble in diethyl ether and ethanol. Abacavir exhibits stereoisomerism due to the presence of two chiral centres (1S,4R absolute configuration). | | Originator | Glaxo Wellcome (UK) | | Uses | Abacavir sulfate is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and anti-AIDS drug. It has been used in the cytotoxicity to test its tumour promoting activity U937 cells. | | Definition | ChEBI: Abacavir sulfate is an azaheterocycle sulfate salt that is the sulfate salt of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir. It is functionally related to an abacavir. | | Brand name | Ziagen (GlaxoSmithKline). | | Therapeutic Function | Antiviral | | General Description | Abacavir sulfate belongs to the class of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, with antiretroviral activity against HIV.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. | | Biochem/physiol Actions | Abacavir incorporated in the cells is converted to triphosphate containing guanine analog carbovir (CBV) and it favors the generation of higher double stranded breaks (DSBs). | | Synthesis | Abacavir Sulfate can be prepared by an enantioselective synthesis involving palladium-catalyzed coupling of a chloropurine with a carbocyclic allylic diacetate.
Synthesis Step: Treatment of 2,5-diamino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (I) with (chloromethylene)dimethylammonium chloride yielded the dichloropyrimidine with both amino groups derivatized as amidines. Partial hydrolysis with aqueous HCl in hot ethanol gave N-(2-amino-4,6-dichloro-pyrimidin-5-yl)-N,Ndimethylformamidene (II). Subseqent buffered hydrolysis at pH 3.2 yielded the (2-amino-4,6-dichloro-pyrimididin-5-ylamino)acetaldehyde (III). Condensation chloropyrimidine (III) with (1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1- methanol (IV) in the presence of triethylamine and NaOH gave [2-amino-4- chloro-6-(4-hydroxymethyl-cyclopent-2-enylamino)pyrimidin-5-ylamino]- acetaldehyde (V). The correct enantiomer (IV) of racemic aminocyclopentene was obtained by resolution of diastereomeric salts with D-dibenzoyltartaric acid. Cyclization of (V) to the corresponding purine was accomplished with refluxing triethyl orthoformate or diethoxymethyl acetate to give nucleoside analogue [4-(2-amino-6-chloro-purin-9-yl)-cyclopent-2-enyl]methanol (VI). Displacement of chloride in the purine nucleus with cyclopropyl amine in refluxing butanol afforded abacavir. The structure of obtained compound was confirmed by 1H NMR method and elemental analysis.
In practice it is usually used as sulfate salt. | | storage | Store at +4°C |
| | Abacavir sulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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