| Description | Stannic oxide, also known as tin oxide, is an inorganic compound consisted of tin and oxygen, which is widely applied in various fields. The dominant usage of stannic oxide is to serve as a precursor in the production of other, especially trivalent, tin compounds or salts. It is also commonly employed as an opacifier in glazes. The addition of larger amounts of stannic oxide enhances the refractoriness of glazes and turns it from transparent to an opaque white. Stannic oxide is also used in the production of customized glass by giving transparent glass an opaque, porcelain-like, opaque appearance. It has proved to be a highly effective polishing material for glass and quarried rock, such as marble, granite and quartz. Besides, stannous oxide can be used for llumination with UV light in combination with cerium oxide in ceramic form. It also has a broad range of applications in other areas, such as semiconductors, photovoltaic materials, solar cells, lithium ion batteries, photocatalysts, and as gas-sensing agents in solid-state detectors.
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| References | http://sciencing.com/tin-oxide-uses-8125683.html
https://www.alfa.com/zh-cn/catalog/012283/
http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2358
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin(II)_oxide
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| Chemical Properties | white or off-white powder |
| Physical properties | White or grayish powder; tetragonal crystals; density 6.85 g/cm3; refractive index 2.006; Mohs hardness 6.5; melts at 1,630°C; insoluble in water; soluble in hot concentrated alkalies. |
| Uses | It is used to detect carbon monoxide. Used in ceramic glazes and colors, putty, perfume preparations, textiles, polishing powder for steel, and the manufacture of special glasses. Stannic oxide is also used in making white patinas. |
| Uses | Polishing glass and metals; manufacture of milk-colored, ruby and alabaster glass, enamels, pottery, putty; mordant in printing and dyeing fabrics; in fingernail polishes. |
| Uses | Stannic oxide (SnO2) is a whitish powder used as a ceramic glaze and polishing agent. |
| Definition | ChEBI: Tin dioxide is a tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms. |
| Preparation | Tin(II) oxide is prepared by heating tin(II) hydroxide. The latter is obtained as a white precipitate by reacting Sn2+ ions with hydroxide ions: Sn2+(aq) + 2OHˉ(aq) → Sn(OH)2 (s) Sn(OH)2 ?→ ?? SnO(s) + H2O(g). |
| General Description | White or off-white crystalline solid or powder. Mp 1127°C, Sublimes: 1800-1900°C, density: 6.95 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid. Occurs in nature as the mineral cassiterite. Used as a catalyst, in putty, as a polishing powder for steel and glass, in ceramic glazes and colors. Flowers of tin refers to the material collected as the result of condensation after sublimation. |
| Reactivity Profile | TIN(IV) OXIDE is non-flammable and non-combustible. Reacts vigorously with strong reducing agents. Incompatible with chlorine trifluoride. |
| Purification Methods | Reflux it repeatedly with fresh HCl until the acid shows no tinge of yellow. The oxide is then dried at 110o. |
