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| | Chromyl chloride Basic information |
| Product Name: | Chromyl chloride | | Synonyms: | chromiumdioxychloride[qr];chromiumdioxydichloride;chromiumoxychloride(cro2cl2);Chromoxychlorid;chromoxychlorid[qr];chromyl;Chromylchlorid;chromylchlorid[qr] | | CAS: | 14977-61-8 | | MF: | Cl2CrO2 | | MW: | 154.9 | | EINECS: | 239-056-8 | | Product Categories: | inorganic compound | | Mol File: | 14977-61-8.mol |  |
| | Chromyl chloride Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -96.5 °C (lit.) | | Boiling point | 117 °C (lit.) | | density | 1.911 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) | | Fp | 117°C | | form | liquid | | Specific Gravity | 1.911 | | color | red | | Water Solubility | Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, benzene, nitrobenzene, chloroform, and POCL3. Insoluble in water(Reacts). | | Sensitive | Moisture Sensitive | | Merck | 14,2248 | | Exposure limits | ACGIH: TWA 0.0001 ppm; STEL 0.00025 ppm (Skin)
NIOSH: TWA 0.0002 mg/m3 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 14977-61-8(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | Chromium(VI) dioxychloride (14977-61-8) |
| | Chromyl chloride Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | DEEP RED LIQUID | | Chemical Properties | Chromyl chloride is a dark red fuming liquid with a musty, burning odor. | | Physical properties | Dark red, fuming liquid; reddish yellow vapors; musty buring odor; density 1.91 g/mL; freezes at -96.5°C; boils at 117°C; reacts with water; soluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, carbon disulfide and nitrobenzene. | | Uses | In organic oxidations and chlorinations;
as a solvent for chromium oxide; in
making chromium complexes and dyes | | Uses | Catalyst for polymerization of olefins; oxidation of hydrocarbons; in the Etard reaction for production of aldehydes and ketones; in the preparation of various coordination complexes of Cr. | | Uses | Highly spin-polarized chromium dioxide (CrO2) thin films were deposited on 100 TiO2 substrates by chemical vapor deposition using chromyl chloride as a precursor. Chromyl chloride (Cr02C12) reacts with cyclohexane solvent at 75 OC to give a dark precipitate along with chlorocyclohexane and a small amount of cyclohexene (in 10.0 and ca. 0.3% yields based on chromium). Chromyl chloride, CrO2C12, oxidizes cyclooctane, isobutane, and toluene under mild conditions (25-60" C). The reactions give chlorinated products (chlorocyclooctane, tert- butyl chloride, and benzyl chloride) and a dark chromium-containing precipitate. Used for Organic oxidations and chlorination, chromium coordination complexes, catalyst for polymerization of olefins. Chromyl chloride in carbon tetrachloride solution reacts in the cold with cyclohexene, cyclopentene, and 1-hexene to give the various isomeric chlorohydrins as the major products. | | Preparation | Chromyl chloride is prepared by reacting chromium(III) chloride with hydrochloric acid:
CrO3 + 2HCl → CrO2Cl2 + H2O
Also, it may be prepared by warming potassium dichromate with potassium chloride in concentrated sulfuric acid:
K2Cr2O7 + 4KCl + 3H2SO4 → 2Cr2O2Cl2 + 3K2SO4 + 3H2O. | | Definition | A dark red covalent liquid
prepared either by distilling a dry mixture
of potassium dichromate and sodium chloride
with concentrated sulfuric acid or by
the action of concentrated sulfuric acid on
chromium(VI) oxide dissolved in concentrated
hydrochloric acid. Chromyl chloride
is hydrolyzed by water, and with solutions
of alkalis it undergoes immediate hydrolysis
to produce chromate ions. It is used as
an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry.
Chromyl chloride oxidizes methyl groups
at the ends of aromatic side chains to aldehyde
groupings (étard’s reaction). | | General Description | A dark red fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Corrosive to tissue. | | Reactivity Profile | Chromyl chloride is a powerful and often violent oxidizing agent. Reacts readily with many inorganic and organic materials in the absence of a dilutent. Contact with hydrogen sulfide or phosphine can cause ignition. Contact with phosphorus tribromide, acetone, ethanol, ether, and turpentine causes ignition. Contact with moist phosphorus or with phosphorus trichloride leads to explosive reaction. Contact with ammonia causes incandescence. Reacts with sodium azide to form chromyl azide, which is explosive in the absence of a dilutent. Causes ignition of flowers of sulfur and of urea on contact. [Bretherick, 1979, p. 822-823]. | | Hazard | Corrosive to tissue. Strong oxidizing agent.
Skin and upper respiratory tract irritant. Probable
carcinogen. | | Health Hazard | Inhalation causes severe irritation of upper respiratory system. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation and burning. Ingestion causes burning of mouth and stomach. | | Fire Hazard | Behavior in Fire: Vapors are very irritating to eyes and mucous membranes. May increase severity of fire. | | Safety Profile | Suspected carcinogen.
Probably a poison by various routes.
Mutation data reported. Corrosive. A strong
irritant. Hydrolyzes to form chromic and
hydrochloric acids. A strong oxidner and
chlorinating agent. Violent reaction with
water. Reacts violently with alcohol, ether,
acetone, turpentine. Ignites or explodes on
contact with nonmetal halides (e.g., disulfur
dichloride, phosphorus trichloride, and
phosphorus tribromide), nonmetal hydrides
(e.g., hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen
phosphide), flowers of sulfur, moist
phosphorus, sodium azide, and urea. During
preparation can violently explode.
Incompatible with ammonia, disulfur
dichloride, organic solvents, phosphorus,
phosphorus trichloride, sodium azide, and
sulfur. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS. | | Potential Exposure | Chromium oxychloride is used in making chromium complexes and dyes; and used in various organic oxidation and chlorination reactions | | Shipping | UN1758 Chromium oxychloride, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. | | Purification Methods | Purify it by distillation under reduced pressure. It hydrolyses violently with H2O and is a powerful oxidant which explodes with P, and ignites in contact with S, NH3, EtOH and many organic compounds. TOXIC. | | Incompatibilities | Contact with water is violent and forms hydrochloric and chromic acids, and chlorine gas. A powerful oxidizer. Reacts violently with acetone, alcohol, ammonia, ether, fuels, organic solvents, moist phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride; sodium azide; sulfur, reducing agents; turpentine. Contact with nonmetal halides, such as disulfur dichloride, phosphorus trichloride; and phosphorus tribromide; nonmetal hydrides, such as hydrogen sulfide; hydrogen phosphide, and urea, causes a danger fire and explosion hazard |
| | Chromyl chloride Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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