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| | Coumaphos Basic information |
| | Coumaphos Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 95-97oC | | Boiling point | 449.9±55.0 °C(Predicted) | | density | 1.4740 | | vapor pressure | 1.3 x 10-5 Pa (20 °C) | | Fp | 100 °C | | storage temp. | APPROX 4°C
| | solubility | DMSO: Slightly Soluble,Methanol: Slightly Soluble | | Water Solubility | 1.5 mg l-1 (20 °C) | | form | solid | | Merck | 13,2584 | | BRN | 327083 | | Stability: | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with alkalies, strong oxidising agents. | | CAS DataBase Reference | 56-72-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NIST Chemistry Reference | Coumaphos(56-72-4) | | EPA Substance Registry System | Coumaphos (56-72-4) |
| | Coumaphos Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | Technical coumaphos is a tan crystalline solid with a slight sulphur odour. It is insoluble in
water; slightly soluble in acetone, chloroform, and ethanol; and soluble in organic solvents.
Coumaphos when heated undergoes decomposition and releases very toxic fumes of sulphur
oxides, phosphorous oxides, and chlorides. It is used for the control of a wide variety of
livestock insects, including cattle grubs, screwworms, lice, scabies, flies, and ticks. It is used
against ectoparasites, which are insects that live on the outside of host animals such as sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and poultry. Coumaphos is incompatible with alkalis, strong oxidising
agents, pyrethroids, and piperonyl butoxide. The U.S. EPA has grouped coumaphos as RUP. | | Chemical Properties | coumaphos is a tan crystalline solid with a slight sulfur odor. It is insoluble in
water, slightly soluble in acetone, chloroform, and ethanol, and soluble in organic solvents.
It is used for the control of a wide variety of livestock insects, including cattle grubs, screwworms, lice, scabies, fl ies, and ticks. It is used against ectoparasites, which are insects that
live outside the host animals, such as sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and poultry. Coumaphos
is incompatible with pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide. The US EPA has grouped coumaphos as an RUP. Acute dermal exposures to occupational workers occur during mixing,
loading, and application of coumaphos, especially in the livestock dip-vat and hand-held
sprayer uses | | Chemical Properties | tan or beige solid | | Chemical Properties | Coumaphos is a white to brownish crystalline solid with a slight sulfurous odor | | Uses | Insecticide, nematocide. | | Uses | insecticide, cholinesterase inhibitor | | Uses | Coumaphos is used to control larvae of Diptera and ticks on cattle.
It has also recently been used to control Varroa mite in honeybees. | | Definition | ChEBI: Coumaphos is an organothiophosphate insecticide, an organic thiophosphate and an organochlorine compound. It has a role as an agrochemical, an acaricide, an antinematodal drug, an avicide and an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a chlorferron. | | Brand name | Baymix (Bayer AnimalHealth); Meldane (Bayer Animal Health). | | General Description | Slightly brownish crystals with a slight sulfurous odor. Used for the control of a wide variety of livestock insects including cattle grubs, lice, scabies, flies, and ticks; the common ectoparasites of sheep, goats, horse, swine, and poultry as well as for screwworms in all these animals. | | Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. Coumaphos hydrolyzes slowly under alkaline conditions. | | Reactivity Profile | Organothiophosphates, such as Coumaphos, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Coumaphos reacts with strong oxidizing agents and alkaline materials. | | Hazard | Use may be restricted; cholinesterase
inhibitor. Questionable carcinogen. | | Health Hazard | Highly toxic compound; choline stearaseinhibitor; toxic symptoms include headache,dizziness, blurred vision, muscle spasm,vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, chestpain, and shortness of breath; high dose maycause seizure, respiratory paralysis, comaand death; ingestion of 15–20 g can be fatalto adult humans.
LD50 oral (rat): 13 mg/kg
LD50 skin (rat): 860 mg/kg
LC50 inhalation (rat): ～300 mg/m3. | | Health Hazard | Very toxic, probable oral lethal dose is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoonful and 1 oz. for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. May be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. | | Health Hazard | Exposures to coumaphos cause signs of poisoning such as diarrhea, drooling, diffi culty in
breathing, leg and neck stiffness among occupational workers. Acute inhalation of coumaphos causes headaches, dizziness, and incoordination. Moderate poisoning causes muscle
twitching and vomiting while severe poisoning leads to fever, toxic psychosis, lung edema,
and high blood pressure. Repeated exposures cause irritability, confusion, headache,
speech diffi culties, effects on memory concentration, disorientation, severe depressions,
sleepwalking, and drowsiness or insomnia among occupational workers. Coumaphos has
been classifi ed as non-carcinogenic to humans | | Fire Hazard | When heated to decomposition, Coumaphos emits very toxic fumes of sulfur oxides, phosphorus oxides, and chlorides. Incompatible with piperonyl butoxide. Stable in water. | | Agricultural Uses | Insecticide, Nematocide; Veterinary medication: The U.S. EPA classifies the formulations 11.6%
EC and 42% flowable concentrate end-use products as
Restricted Use Pesticides (RUPs) because they pose a
hazard of acute poisoning from ingestion. Coumaphos is
an insecticide/acaricide used to control a wide variety of
liver stock insects including cattle grubs, fleeceworms, lice
scabies, flies, and ticks; the common ectoparasites of beef
cattle, dairy cows, sheep, goats, horse, swine, and poultry as well as for screw worms in all these animals. The
USDA uses coumaphos in dip vats along the U.S.-Texas
border to control ticks that carry Texas Cattle Fever. It is
added to cattle and poultry feed to control the development
of fly larvae that breed in manure. It has applications in
beekeeping. | | Trade name | AGRIDIP®; ASUNTOL®; AZUNTHOL®;
BAY® 21/199; BAYER® 21/199; BAYMIX®; BAYMIX®
50; CHECKMITE®; CO-RAL®[C]; DELICE®;
MELDANE®; MELDONE®; MUSCATOX®;
NEGASHUNT®; DIOLICE®; RESITOX®; SUNTOL®;
UMBETHION® | | Safety Profile | Poison by ingestion,
sktn contact, inhalation, and intraperitoneal
routes. Mutation data reported. When
heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic
fumes of SOx, PO,, and Cl-. See also
COUMARIN. | | Potential Exposure | A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this material which is used for control of a wide variety of livestock insects including cattle grubs, lice scabies, flies, and ticks; the common ectoparasites of sheep, goats, horse, swine, and poultry; as well as for screw worms in all these animals. | | Carcinogenicity | There was no evidence of carcinogenicity
at any dose in rats fed diets that contained 1, 5, or
25 ppm coumaphos (0.05, 0.25, or 1.22 mg/kg/day (males);
0.07, 0.36, or 1.70 mg/kg/day (females)) for 2 years .
There was no evidence of carcinogenicity in another study
when rats were given diets that contained 10 or 20 ppm
coumaphos for 103 weeks . | | Metabolic pathway | By UV irradiation of coumaphos in solutions, three
dimeric products are isolated and identified as the
head-to-tail anti-dimer, its oxidation product, and the
head-to-tail syn-dimer. | | Metabolism | Degradation occurs rapidly in the liver
of the cow and rat. The principal metabolite excreted in
urine is diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate. Deethylation
products are also found in lesser amounts. Photolytic DT50
on soil surface is 23.8 d. | | Shipping | UN2783 Organo phosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material. UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. | | Toxicity evaluation | The acute oral LD50 values for
male and female rats are 41 and 16 mg/kg, respectively.
Inhalation LC50 values (1 h) for male and female rats are
>1081 and 341 mg/m3 air. In 2-yr trials, rats tolerated
100 mg/kg diet. | | Degradation | Note that technical coumaphos may contain the dechlorinated analogue
'Potasan' (O-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate)
(2) as an impurity (Waleski, 1966; Volpk and Mallet, 1976).
Coumaphos is stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media although the
pyrone ring opens in dilute alkali and re-closes on acidification (PM).
In water at pH 4.0, 5.5, 6.3, 7.0 and 8.5, the DT50 values were 33, 67, 124,
347 and 29 days, respectively. Coumaphos degraded first to coroxon
(coumaphos oxon) (3), presumably by an oxidative mechanism and this
was hydrolysed to chlorferon (3-chloro-4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin)(4). The analysis was by TLC (Mallet and Volpe,1978). | | Incompatibilities | Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrideds and active metals. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Keep away from piperonyl butoxide, oxidizers, strong bases, water, and heat | | Waste Disposal | Coumaphos can be decomposed by heating with concentrated alkali. Large amounts should be incinerated in a unit equipped with effluent gas scrubbing. Do not discharge into drains or sewers. Dispose of waste material as hazardous waste using a licensed disposal contractor to an approved landfill. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (>=100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration with effluent gas scrubbing is recommended. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office |
| | Coumaphos Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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