| Chemical Properties | White Solid |
| Uses | Promazine hydrochloride has been used in conductivity and surface tension measurements and for testing inhibition of feline coronavirus (FCoV) in Felis catus whole fetus-4 (fcwf-4) cells. |
| Uses | Antipsychotic. Tranquilizer. |
| Definition | Isomeric with promethazine
hydrochloride.
|
| Brand name | Sparine (Baxter Healthcare); Sparine (Wyeth). |
| General Description | Promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) belongs to the phenothiazine drug family. Promazine is a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist and has antipsychotic and anticholinergic functionality. It is used for pain management and is also used for treating hypersensitivity reactions. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions | D2 dopamine receptor antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic. |
| Clinical Use | Antipsychotic for agitation and restlessness |
| Safety Profile | Poison by ingestion,
subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal,
and intramuscular routes. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: general anesthesia,
tremors, antipsychotic effects. An addltive
permitted in food for human consumption;
also permitted in the feed and drinhng
water of animals and/or for the treatment of
food-producing animals. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx,
SOx, and HCl |
| Drug interactions | Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Anaesthetics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: increased risk of convulsions with
tramadol; enhanced hypotensive and sedative
effects with opioids; increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with methadone.
Anti-arrhythmics increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with anti-arrhythmics that prolong
the QT interval, e.g. procainamide, disopyramide,
dronedarone and amiodarone - avoid with
amiodarone and dronedarone.
Antibacterials: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with delamanid and moxifloxacin -
avoid.
Antidepressants: increase concentrations and
additive antimuscarinic effects, notably with
tricyclics; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
with citalopram and escitalopram - avoid; increased
risk of convulsions with vortioxetine.
Antiepileptics: antagonised (convulsive threshold
lowered).
Antimalarials: avoid with artemether/lumefantrine
and piperaquine with artenimol.
Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with droperidol and pimozide - avoid;
increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with
risperidone.
Antivirals: concentration possibly increased with
ritonavir; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
with saquinavir - avoid.
Anxiolytics and hypnotics: increased sedative effects.
Atomoxetine: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias.
Beta-blockers: enhanced hypotensive effect;
increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with sotalol.
Cytotoxics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
with arsenic trioxide.
Desferrioxamine: avoid concomitant use.
Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Lithium: increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects
and possibly neurotoxicity.
Pentamidine: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias.
Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with anti-arrhythmics that prolong the
QT interval - avoid with amiodarone, disopyramide
and dronedarone.
Antibacterials: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with delamanid and moxifloxacin -
avoid.
Antidepressants: increased level of tricyclics
(possibly increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
and antimuscarinic side effects); increased risk
of ventricular arrhythmias with citalopram and
escitalopram - avoid; increased risk of convulsions
with vortioxetine.
Anticonvulsant: antagonises anticonvulsant effect.
Antimalarials: avoid with artemether/lumefantrine
and piperaquine with artenimol.
Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with droperidol and pimozide - avoid;
increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with
risperidone.
Antivirals: concentration possibly increased with
ritonavir; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
with saquinavir - avoid.
Anxiolytics and hypnotics: increased sedative effects.
Atomoxetine: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias.
Beta-blockers: enhanced hypotensive effect;
increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with sotalol.
Cytotoxics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
with arsenic trioxide.
Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Lithium: increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects
and possibly neurotoxicity.
Pentamidine: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias. |
| Metabolism | Promazine undergoes considerable first-pass metabolism
in the gut wall. It is also extensively metabolised in the
liver and is excreted in the urine and faeces in the form of
numerous active and inactive metabolites. |
