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| | 2-Ethoxyethanol Basic information |
| | 2-Ethoxyethanol Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -100 °C | | Boiling point | 135 °C(lit.) | | density | 0.93 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) | | vapor density | 3.1 (vs air) | | vapor pressure | 3.8 mm Hg ( 20 °C) | | refractive index | n20/D 1.407(lit.) | | Fp | 107.6 °F | | storage temp. | Store below +30°C. | | solubility | water: miscible | | form | Liquid | | pka | 14.44±0.10(Predicted) | | color | Clear, colorless | | Odor | Sweetish; mild, pleasant, ethereal. | | Odor Threshold | 0.58ppm | | explosive limit | 1.8-15.7%(V) | | Water Solubility | miscible | | FreezingPoint | -70℃ | | λmax | λ: 215 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 225 nm Amax: 0.50
λ: 250 nm Amax: 0.20
λ: 305 nm Amax: 0.01 | | Merck | 14,3750 | | BRN | 1098271 | | Exposure limits | TLV-TWA skin 5 ppm (18.5 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
. | | Stability: | Stable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air - note the wide explosion range. Vapour may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition. Flammable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, aluminium, alkalies. | | LogP | 0.32 at 20℃ | | CAS DataBase Reference | 110-80-5(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NIST Chemistry Reference | Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-(110-80-5) | | EPA Substance Registry System | 2-Ethoxyethanol (110-80-5) |
| Hazard Codes | T | | Risk Statements | 60-61-10-20/21/22-20/22 | | Safety Statements | 53-45 | | RIDADR | UN 1171 3/PG 3 | | WGK Germany | 1 | | RTECS | KK8050000 | | Autoignition Temperature | 460 °F | | TSCA | Yes | | HazardClass | 3 | | PackingGroup | III | | HS Code | 29094990 | | Hazardous Substances Data | 110-80-5(Hazardous Substances Data) | | Toxicity | Acute oral LD50 for guinea pigs 1,400 mg/kg, mice 2,451 mg/kg, rats 3,000 mg/kg, rabbits
3,100 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). | | IDLA | 500 ppm |
| | 2-Ethoxyethanol Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | 2-Ethoxyethanol is a stable, colorless, flammable liquid,
synthetically produced throughout the world. It belongs to
a larger group of glycol ether solvents. 2-Ethoxyethanol is
commercially referred to as Ethyl Cellosolve or Cellosolve,
a trademark registered by Union Carbide in 1924. It was first
synthesized to have the same chemical properties of both alcohols
and ethers (hydrophilic and lipophilic) but less volatile,
which improves production characteristics. The glycol ethers are
made by reacting anhydrous alcohols with ethylene oxide. | | Chemical Properties | Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a colorless
liquid with a sweet, mild odor and slightly bitter taste. It is miscible in all
proportions of acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, methanol, and
water. It dissolves many oils, resins, and waxes. | | Chemical Properties | colourless liquid | | Chemical Properties | 2-Ethoxyethanol is a colorless, viscous liquid
with a sweetish odor | | Physical properties | Clear, colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition
odor threshold concentrations were 1.1 mg/m3 (300 ppbv) and 2.0 mg/m3 (540 ppbv), respectively
(Hellman and Small, 1974). | | Uses | Ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether is used in varnish removers, lacquers, and as a solvent for printing
inks, duplicating fluids, and epoxy. Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is used in
hydraulic fluids, as a coupling agent for water-based coatings, in vinyl and acrylic
paints and varnishes, and as a solvent for varnishes, enamels, spray lacquers, dry
cleaning compounds, textiles, and cosmetics. | | Uses | antiobesity agent pancreatic lipase inhibitor | | Uses | 2-Ethoxyethanol is widely used as an industrial solvent and
production intermediate. It is produced by the reaction of
ethylene oxide with ethanol. The glycol ethers are miscible in
polar and nonpolar solutions, which make them useful
solvents in paints and surface coatings, stains, lacquers, inks,
and dyes. Additional uses include industrial deicing,
hydraulic fluids, and cleaning agents. 2-Ethoxyethanol was
once used in cosmetic products but is no longer used due to
toxicity associated with dermal absorption. Global production
has been on the decline in recent years based on
demonstrated toxicity through oral, dermal, and inhalation
routes of exposure. The use of ethylene glycol ethers has
largely been replaced by relatively safer substitutes, primarily
propylene glycol ethers; however, their use as a solvent and
chemical process intermediate poses potential for release into
the environment. | | Uses | Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) isused as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers,and varnishes; in dye baths and cleansingsolutions; and as an emulsion stabilizer. | | Definition | ChEBI: A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol. | | General Description | A clear colorless liquid. Flash point of 120°F. Less dense than water. Its vapors are heavier than air. | | Air & Water Reactions | Flammable. Water soluble. | | Reactivity Profile | ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER may react with oxidizing materials, i.e. hydrogen peroxide, to form peroxides. 2-Ethoxyethanol dissolves many oils, resins and waxes. | | Hazard | Toxic by skin absorption. Moderate fire
risk. | | Health Hazard | Some eye irritation. Inhalation of vapors causes irritation of nose. | | Health Hazard | EGEE is a teratogen and at high concentration a toxic substance. The target organs arethe lungs, kidney, liver, and spleen. Animalexperiments indicated that inhalation of itsvapors at 2000 ppm for several hours couldproduce toxic effect. Death resulted from kid ney injury when the test species were sub jected to a 24-hour exposure. It producedkidney injury, hematuria, and microscopiclesions of both the liver and kidney. EGEEmay be absorbed through the skin. Wheninserted into the eyes, it produced corneal irritation. The recovery occurred within 24 hours
Investigating the subchronic inhalationtoxicology of EGEE in the rat and rabbit,Barbee et al. (1984) reported no biologicalsignificant effect of this compound in theseanimals at an exposure level of 400 and100 ppm, respectively. Chronic treatment ofrats with EGEE at 0.5–1.0 g/kg in an oraldose caused enlargement of adrenal gland inmale rats and affected the development ofspontaneous lesions of the spleen (males andfemales), pituitary (males and females), andLD50 value(rats):3000 mg/kg(NIOSH1986)testis (males) (Melnick 1984).
LC50 value (mice): 1820 ppm/7 hr (NIOSH 1986)
In humans there is no report of any severe poisoning case. The toxic effect from inhaling its vapors at 1000 ppm may be less than noticeable. EGEE is less toxic than EGME. Whenadministeredorallyto youngmale rats, EGEE produced testicular atrophy similar to that of EGME (Nagano et al. 1984). However, a fivefold dose, 250–1000 mg/kg/day, was required to elicit equivalent severity (Foster et al. 1984)
Reproductive toxicity of EGEE has been investigated extensively (Lamb et al. 1984; Hardin et al. 1984; Oudiz et al. 1984). Testicular atrophy, decline in sperm count, and increased abnormal sperm were observed in treated male rats, but no specific anomalies were noted in the females. Wier et al. (1987) investigated postnatal growth and survival. EGEE produced embryo lethality and malformations and decreased fetal weight. Prenatal exposure to EGEE produced kinked tails in pups. Ethanol caused potentiation of reproductive toxicity of EGEE (Nelson et al. 1984). | | Fire Hazard | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, may be produced in fire. | | Chemical Reactivity | Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent. | | Safety Profile | Moderately toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by
inhalation and subcutaneous routes. An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. A mild eye and skin
irritant. Combustible when exposed to heat
or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.
Moderate explosion hazard in the form of
vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
Mxture with hydrogen peroxide +
polyacrylamide gel + toluene is explosive
when dry. To fight fire, use alcohol foam,
dry chemical. See also GLYCOL ETHERS. | | Potential Exposure | This material is used as a solvent for
nitrocellulose and alkyd resins in lacquers; as a solvent for
printing inks; in dyeing leathers and textiles; in the formulation of cleaners and varnish removers; as an anti-icing
additive in brake fluids and auto and aviation fuels. | | Environmental fate | Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 1.03 and 1.92 g/g using
filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined
using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. When a sewage seed was used in a
separate screening test, a BOD value of 1.27 g/g was obtained. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand
(1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.42 g/g which is 72.4% of the ThOD value of 1.96 g/g.
Photolytic. Grosjean (1997) reported a rate constant of 1.87 x 10-11 cm3/molecule?sec at 298 K
for the reaction of 2-ethoxyethanol and OH radicals in the atmosphere. Based on an atmospheric
OH radical concentration of 1.0 x 106 molecule/cm3, the reported half-life of methanol is 0.35 d
(Grosjean, 1997). Stemmler et al. (1996) reported a rate constant of 1.66 x 10-11 cm3/molecule?sec
for the OH radical-initiated oxidation of 2-ethoxyethanol in synthetic air at 297 K and 750 mmHg.
Major reaction products identified by GC/MS (with their yields) were ethyl formate, 34%;
ethylene glycol monoformate, 36%; ethylene glycol monoacetate, 7.8%; and ethoxyacetaldehyde,
24%.
Chemical/Physical. 2-Ethoxyethanol will not hydrolyze (Kollig, 1993).
At an influent concentration of 1,024 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 886 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 28 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974). | | Shipping | UN1171 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether,
Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
| | Purification Methods | Dry it with CaSO4 or K2CO3, filter and fractionally distil it. Peroxides can be removed by refluxing with anhydrous SnCl2 or by filtration under slight pressure through a column of activated alumina. [Beilstein 1 IV 2377.] | | Toxicity evaluation | The toxicity associated with 2-ethoxyethanol is likely caused
more by the primary metabolite, ethoxyacetic acid, than by the
parent compound. The metabolites have a longer half-life
implying a higher accumulation following repeated exposures.
Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown toxic effects from
administration of the metabolites that were not seen at higher
doses of the parent. Developmental and male reproductive
toxicity has been widely documented for several compounds in
the glycol ether family, and potency is associated with the
length of the hydrocarbon chain: the shorter the chain, the
more potent the developmental and reproductive effects.
Despite the vast collection of toxicity studies conducted internationally,
the exact mechanism of developmental and reproductive
toxicity is not well understood. A potential mechanism
for the male reproductive toxicity is direct action on Sertoli
and/or germ cells by ethoxyacetic acid. The testes have relatively
high levels of cytochrome P450 and are an active site of
metabolism. Investigators have found that ethoxyacetic acid
can cause degeneration of spermatocytes in vitro, and damage
to spermatocytes seen in vivo can be suppressed when metabolism
of 2-ethoxyethanol is inhibited. | | Incompatibilities | May form explosive mixture with air.
Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Attacks
some plastics, rubber and coatings. Able to form peroxides. Incompatible with strong acids; aluminum and its
alloys | | Waste Disposal | Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies
for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of
waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation,
treatment, and waste disposal |
| | 2-Ethoxyethanol Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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