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| | CLONIDINE Basic information |
| Product Name: | CLONIDINE | | Synonyms: | CLONIDINE (200 MG);clonidine (amino form);clonidine (imino form);2-((2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino)-2-imidazoline;2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-1,3-diazacyclopentene-(2);2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-2-imidazolin;2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-2-imidazoline;2-(2,6-Dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline | | CAS: | 4205-90-7 | | MF: | C9H9Cl2N3 | | MW: | 230.09 | | EINECS: | 224-119-4 | | Product Categories: | | | Mol File: | 4205-90-7.mol |  |
| | CLONIDINE Chemical Properties |
| | CLONIDINE Usage And Synthesis |
| Uses | Antihypertensive. | | Uses | Clonidine
may be useful in the treatment of acute opioid withdrawal. Epidural
clonidine 1–2μgkg –1 increases the duration and potency of analgesia
provided by epidural opioid or local anaesthetic drugs. | | Definition | ChEBI: A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | | Brand name | Catapres (Boehringer
Ingelheim). | | Pharmacokinetics | Clonidine is lipid soluble and rapidly absorbed after oral administration,
with a peak plasma concentration occurring in 60–90min. O ral, intravenous
and intramuscular routes may be used for sedation or analgesia. I n addition,
epidural and intrathecal clonidine is used to augment regional anaesthesia,
but perineural administration is of limited or no effect. The elimination halflife
is 9–13h and is prolonged in renal failure. Fifty percent of an
administered dose is excreted unchanged by the kidneys, and 50% is
metabolised in the liver to inactive metabolites. | | Physiological effects | Clonidine has some effects at α1-receptors (α2/ α1 > 200 : 1).
Clonidine reduces the MA C of inhalational anaesthetic agents by up to 50%.
I t has a synergistic analgesic effect with opioids which may be partly
pharmacokinetic because the elimination half-life of opioids is also
increased. | | Physiological effects | CNS effects
Clonidine produces sedation, anxiolysis and analgesia. I t also has a MA Csparing
effect, but there is a ceiling to the reduction because of the potential
for activity at α1 receptors when used at higher doses.
CVS effects
The cardiovascular effects of clonidine probably involve α1 receptors and
imidazoline receptors as with dexmedetomidine. Clonidine lowers the set
point around which arterial pressure is regulated.
Respiratory effects
Clonidine has minor respiratory effects, causing only a small reduction in
minute ventilation. | | Metabolic pathway | Clonidine is well absorbed orally, with peak plasma
concentrations after 60–90min. I t is highly lipid soluble, and approximately
50% is metabolised in the liver to inactive metabolites; the rest is excreted
unchanged via the kidneys, with an elimination half-life of 9–12h. |
| | CLONIDINE Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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