| Product Name: | ETHION | | Synonyms: | diethion (france,india, rsa);ethion (ansi,esa,jmaf,iso,bsi);ETHION TECHNICAL GRADE;TAFETHION;nt 24,105ethanoxethiol;Ethion (ISO);ethion (ISO) O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl S,S'-methylenedi (phosphorodithioate) diethion;ethiol100 | | CAS: | 563-12-2 | | MF: | C9H22O4P2S4 | | MW: | 384.46 | | EINECS: | 209-242-3 | | Product Categories: | INSECTICIDE;AcaricidesPesticides&Metabolites;Alpha sort;E;E-GAlphabetic;EQ - EZPesticides;Insecticides;Organophorous;Pesticides;Pesticides&Metabolites;AcaricidesAlphabetic | | Mol File: | 563-12-2.mol |  |
| | ETHION Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -13 to -12° | | Boiling point | 164～165℃ (0.3mmHg) | | density | d420 1.220 | | vapor pressure | 2.0 x 10-4 Pa (25 °C) | | refractive index | nD20 1.5490 | | storage temp. | 0-6°C | | solubility | Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly) | | Water Solubility | 2 mg l-1 (25 °C) | | form | liquid | | JECFA Number | 85 | | Merck | 13,3772 | | BRN | 1804530 | | Exposure limits | NIOSH REL: TWA 0.4 mg/m3; ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.4 mg/m3. | | EPA Substance Registry System | Ethion (563-12-2) |
| | ETHION Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | Liquid.
Slightly soluble in water; soluble in acetone, xylene,
chloroform, and methylated naphthalene. | | Chemical Properties | ethion is an odorless amber liquid. It is very sparingly soluble in water, but soluble
in most organic solvents. Ethion undergoes decomposition on heating or on burning
and produces toxic and corrosive fumes, including phosphorus oxides and sulfur oxides.
It is used for the control of crop pests and household insects. These include, but are not
limited to, aphids, mite, sticks, scales, thrips, leaf hoppers, maggots, leaf-feeding insects,
foliar-feeding larvae, and house fl ies. It may be used on a wide variety of food, fi ber, and
ornamental crops, including greenhouse crops, lawns, and turf. Ethion is often used on
citrus and apples. It is mixed with oil and sprayed on dormant trees to kill eggs and scales.
Occupational workers and the general public are exposed to ethion while working in
industries that manufacture ethion and when eating raw fruits or vegetables that have
been treated with ethion. There are no residential uses for ethion. | | Chemical Properties | Ethion is a colorless to amber-colored, odorless liquid. The technical product has a very disagreeable
odor; freezing/melting point 5 213℃ 2 12℃C. | | Uses | It is used as a pesticide. | | Uses | Insecticide; acaricide. | | Uses | Nonsystemic insecticide and acaricide used on apples. | | Uses | Ethion is used to control mites and sucking insects, larval Lepidoptera
and soil pests in a wide range of crops and in turf. An additional use
is as an ectoparasiticide to control cattle ticks. | | Definition | ChEBI: An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity t
wards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7). | | General Description | Technical ethion is an odourless amber liquid. It is very sparingly soluble in water but soluble in most of the organic solvents. Ethion undergoes decomposition on heating or on burning and produces toxic and corrosive fumes including phosphorus oxides and sulphur oxides. It is used for the control of crop pests and household insects. It may be used on a wide variety of food, fibre, and ornamental crops, including greenhouse crops, lawns, and turf.
| | Reactivity Profile | Organothiophosphates, such as ETHION, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. | | Hazard | Cholinesterase inhibitor, use may be
restricted. Questionable carcinogen. | | Health Hazard | ETHION is very toxic; the probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, which is between one teaspoonful and one ounce for a 150-lb person. | | Health Hazard | Ethion is highly to moderately toxic to animals and humans by the oral route. It causes toxicity
and poisoning with symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation,
severe depression, irritability, confusion, headache, blurred vision, fatigue, tightness in
chest, abnormal heart beat and breathing. On repeated exposures and in high concentrations,
ethion causes severe symptoms of poisoning. The symptoms of toxicity and poisoning
include, but are not limited to, pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, impaired memory
and concentration, disorientation, speech diffi culties, delayed reaction times, nightmares,
sleepwalking, loss of coordination, convulsions, unconsciousness/coma, and death.
Studies on laboratory animals and humans have not indicated any evidence of mutagenic,
teratogenic, or carcinogenic effects of ethion. | | Fire Hazard | Shock can shatter the container, releasing the contents. Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Decomposes above 302F. When heated to decomposition ETHION emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur and phosphorus. Hydrolyzed by acids and alkalies. Slowly oxidized in air. | | Agricultural Uses | : Insecticide, Acaricide: Not approved for use in EU countries. Not registered
for use in the U.S. There are 33 global suppliers.
Ethion is an organophosphate pesticide used to kill aphids,
mites, scales, thrips, leafhoppers, maggots, and foliar feeding
larvae. It may be used on a wide variety of food, fiber,
and ornamental crops, including greenhouse crops, lawns,
and turf. Ethion is a preharvest topical insecticide used
primarily for spraying on citrus fruits, deciduous fruits,
apples, nuts and cotton. It is also used as a cattle dip for
ticks and as a treatment for buffalo flies. It is mixed with
oil and sprayed on dormant trees to kill eggs and scales. It
is available in dust, emulsifiable concentrate, emulsifiable
solution, granular, and wettable powder formulations. | | Trade name | AC 3422®; EACITHION®; EAQUA
ETHION®; EBLADAN®; ECOMMANDO
INSECTICIDE CATTLE EAR TAG®; EDRASTIC®;
EEMBATHION®; EETHANOX®; EETHIOL®;
EETHODAN®; EETHOPAZ®; EFMC-1240®;
EFOSFATOXE®; EFOSFONO 50®; EHYLEMOX®;
EITOPAZ®; EKWIT®[C]; EMITKILL®; ENAGATA®;
ENIA 1240®[C]; ENIAGARA 1240®[C]; ENIALATE®;
EPHOSPHOTOX E®; EPROKIL®[C]; ERHODIACIDE®;
ERHODOCIDE®; ERODOCID®; ERP-THION®;
ESENTRY®[C]; ESOPRATHION®; ETAFETHION®;
EVEGFRUFOSMITE®; EVEGFRU FOSMITE® | | Safety Profile | Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes.
Human systemic effects by ingestion: flaccid
paralysis without anesthesia, motor activity
changes, fever, and inhibition of
cholinesterase. When heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
SOx and POx. See also PARATHION | | Potential Exposure | An organothiophosphate. A potential
danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation
and application of this insecticide and acaricide. Ethion is a preharvest topical insecticide used primarily on citrus fruits,
deciduous fruits, nuts, and cotton. It is also used as a cattle
dip for ticks and as a treatment for buffalo flies | | Environmental Fate | Biological. Ethion degraded in lagoonal sediments obtained at various sites in the
Indian River between Cape Kennedy and Vero Beach, FL. In 14 sediment samples enriched
with ethion, 8 exhibited iron sulfide (precursor hydrogen sulfide) production following 20
days of incubation at room temperature. The bacteria responsible for the degradation of
ethion, a reducing agent, was tentatively identified as Clostridium (Sherman et al., 1974).
Soil. The half-lives of ethion in an organic soil varied from 16 to 49 weeks; however,
repeated applications each spring resulted in increased residues of unreacted ethion (Chapman
et al., 1984).
Photolytic. Ethion in hexane did not exhibit absorption at UV wavelengths >260 nm
(Gore et al., 1971).
Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic fumes of phosphorus and sulfur oxides when heated
to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987; Lewis, 1990).
The hydrolysis half-lives of ethion in a sterile 1% ethanol/water solution at 25°C and
pH values of 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 were 99, 63, 58, 24 and 8.4 weeks, respectively
(Chapman and Cole, 1982). | | Metabolic pathway | Ethion is principally degraded in animals via hydrolysis which results
in P-S and C-S bond cleavage to give O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate
and O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate respectively. It is also oxidatively
desulfurated to its mono and dioxon forms. | | Metabolism | The main biodegradation routes of ethion in animals are cleavage
of the P?S and C?S linkages to give O,O-diethyl
hydrogen phosphorothioate and O,O-diethyl hydrogen
phosphorodithioate, respectively. Oxidative desulfuration
to its mono- and dioxons also occurs. | | Shipping | UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid,
toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2810 Toxic
liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-
Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. | | Toxicity evaluation | The acute
oral LD50 for rats is 208 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 (4 h)
for rats is 0.45mg/L air. NOEL (2yr) for rats is
6 mg/kg diet (0.3 mg/kg/d). ADI is 2 μg/kg b.w. | | Degradation | Ethion is hydrolysed by aqueous acid and alkalis. Its DT50 at pH value
9 was 390 days. It is slowly oxidised in air (PM). Ethion was photolysed
via an oxidative desulfuration mechanism affording the dioxon (2) when
it was irradiated with visible light in the presence of a photosensitising
dye (Crystal Violet). This oxidation was mediated by singlet
oxygen as evidenced by the reduced yield of 2 in the presence of singlet
oxygen scavengers such as diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (Vaidya et al., 1990)
(Scheme 1). | | Incompatibilities | Decomposes violently when heated above
150℃. Mixtures with magnesium may be explosive.
Contact with oxidizers may cause the release of phosphorous oxides. Contact with strong reducing agents, such as
hydrides; may cause the formation of flammable and toxic
phosphine gas | | Waste Disposal | Do not empty into drains or
sewage system. Small amounts can be burned with
alkali. For larger amounts, the suggested method is
incineration with added solvent in furnace equipped with
afterburner and alkali scrubber. In accordance with
40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of
pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting
your local or federal environmental control agency, or by
contacting your regional EPA office. |
| | ETHION Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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