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| | DL-Dithiothreitol Basic information |
| Product Name: | DL-Dithiothreitol | | Synonyms: | DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, 1M solution in water, for molecular biology;Dithiothreitol ,98%;DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol,DTT;DTT DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol;DL-Dithiothreitol ,99% [for Molecular biology];DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, DNAse, RNAse and Protease free, for Molecular b;DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, DNAse, RNAse and Protease free, for Molecular biology, 99+% 1GR;DL-1,4-Dithiothreitol, for biocheMistry, 99% 1GR | | CAS: | 3483-12-3 | | MF: | C4H10O2S2 | | MW: | 154.25 | | EINECS: | 222-468-7 | | Product Categories: | Chemistry;Life Science Chemical Reagents;proteinmod;Cleland's Reagent;Protein Modification Reagents;APIS;Test Reagents;Disinfectants;3483-12-3 | | Mol File: | 3483-12-3.mol |  |
| | DL-Dithiothreitol Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 41-44 °C(lit.) | | Boiling point | 125 °C | | alpha | -0.2～+0.2°(20℃/D)(c=5,H2O) | | density | 1.04 g/mL at 20 °C | | vapor density | 5.3 (vs air) | | vapor pressure | 0.019-0.29Pa at 20-50℃ | | refractive index | 1.5200 (estimate) | | Fp | >230 °F | | storage temp. | -20°C (or 4°C short term). | | solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless | | form | Powder | | pka | pK1:8.9 (25°C) | | color | White | | PH | 4.0-6.0 (20-25℃, 0.1m in H2O) | | Odor | Unpleasant Odor | | PH Range | 4 - 6 at 15,4 g/l at 25 °C | | Water Solubility | freely soluble | | λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.400
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.100 | | Sensitive | Air Sensitive | | Merck | 14,3376 | | BRN | 1719757 | | Stability: | Stability Stable, but heat sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Keep frozen at -20 to -10 C. | | InChIKey | VHJLVAABSRFDPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | LogP | 0.07 at 25℃ and pH5 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 3483-12-3(CAS DataBase Reference) | | NIST Chemistry Reference | 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (r*,r*)-(3483-12-3) | | EPA Substance Registry System | 1,4-Dithiothreitol (3483-12-3) |
| | DL-Dithiothreitol Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | Dithiothreitol (DTT), also known as Cleland's reagent, is a small-molecule redox reagent . Its oxidized form is a disulfide-bonded 6-membered ring. DTT has an epimeric ('sister') compound, dithioerythritol (DTE).
DTT is a white crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water (clear solution, OD<0.05 at 0.02M), but also in ethanol, chloroform, ether and ethyl acetate.
DTT is an unusually strong reducing agent, with a redox potential of -0.33 V at pH 7. The pKa of thiol groups is typically ~8.3.
The reduction of a typical disulfide bond proceeds by two sequential thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. | | Uses | Dithiothreitol is a redox reagent commonly used as a reducing agent for thiolated DNA. Dithiothreitol is also used to reduce the disulfide bonds of proteins. | | Uses | DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) is a sulfhydryl compound that acts both as a reagent reducing disulfide bonds and as a protein denaturant on staphylococcal biofilm (Wu et al. 2011). Thanks to these properties, DTT is routinely used in clinical microbiology to liquefy respiratory specimens, but it has also been proven effective to detach biofilm from orthopaedic prosthesis (Drago et al. 2012, 2013). Since it is crucial to discriminate implant-related infections from aseptic loosening in orthopaedics, and because of the difficulty to diagnose subclinical infections, a prompt diagnosis of indwelling device-related infection is important for successful treatments (Borens et al. 2013). A fast microbiological diagnosis and bacterial identification should be recommended in order to set up a specific antimicrobial therapy. According to this strategy, the bacterial detachment from biofilm on explants should be accelerated by supporting the pathogen viability. | | Definition | ChEBI: 1,4-dithiothreitol is the threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. It has a role as a reducing agent, a chelator and a human metabolite. It is a dithiol and a 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | | Application | Dithiothreitol (DTT) is a water-soluble reducing reagent used for various applications in biotechnology, biology and biochemistry :
reduces quantitatively disulfides, generating sulfhydryls (used typically at 1-10mM for protein SS reduction)
reduction of proteins before SDS-PAGE analysis, studies of protein structure and function (Kaji 1993)
keep sulfhydryl groups of biomolecules in the reduced state - protects biomolecules in various applications (enzymes or receptors, living cells under ionizing radiations)
prevents the fading of fluorescence such as FITC labeled conjugates (Picciolo 1984) | | General Description | 1,4-Dithiothreitol (DTT) is the threo isomer of 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutane, and an isomer of 1,4-dithioerythritol. DTT is used in molecular biology to maintain sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in the reduced state and for quantitative reduction of disulfide (-S-S-) groups, as described by Cleland in his pioneering publication from the 1960's. Its usefulness as an reducing agent stems from its water solubility and reduced odor compared to previous thiol compounds.
DTT is oxidized to the cyclic disulfide, and thereby ensures the reduction of other disulfides in solution. The disulfide reduction is complete in minutes at pH 8. DTT is less pungent and less toxic than 2-mercaptoethanol. Typically, a 7-fold lower concentration of DTT (100 mM) is required compared to 2-mercaptoethanol (5% v/v, 700 mM). | | Biochem/physiol Actions | DL-Dithiothreitol denatures proteins by reducing the disulphide bonds and reducing them to SH groups. It also prevents intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bond formation between cysteine residues of proteins. | | storage | Store lyophilized at 4°C, desiccated. In lyophilized form, the chemical is stable for 12 months. Once in solution, store at -20°C and use within 3 months to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.
DTT solutions should be prepared fresh daily. If improperly stored (including room temperature and solution forms) its reducing ability may be reduced. Exposure to air should be minimized, even though DTT has a lower tendency to be oxidized directly by air than other reducing agents.
Recorded half-life of DTT solutions at various pH and temperatures (all are in M potassium phosphate buffer):
pH 6.5 @ 20°C= 40 hours
pH 7.5 @ 20°C = 10 hours
pH 8.5 @ 20°C = 1.4 hours
pH 8.5 @ 0°C = 11 hours
pH 8.5 @ 40°C = 0.2 hours
pH 8.5 @20°C (+0.1 mM Cu2+) = 0.6 hours
pH 8.5 @20°C (+0.1 mM EDTA) = 4 hours |
| | DL-Dithiothreitol Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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