| | 2,3-Dimethylbutane Basic information |
| | 2,3-Dimethylbutane Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -129 °C | | Boiling point | 58 °C(lit.) | | density | 0.662 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) | | vapor density | 3 (vs air) | | vapor pressure | 7.41 psi ( 37.7 °C) | | refractive index | n20/D 1.375(lit.) | | Fp | −28 °F | | storage temp. | Flammables area | | solubility | In methanol: 495, 593, 760, and 1,700 g/L at 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C, respectively. Miscible at higher
temperatures (Kiser et al., 1961). | | form | Liquid | | pka | >14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993) | | color | Colorless | | explosive limit | ~7.7% | | Odor Threshold | 0.42ppm | | Water Solubility | Soluble in water (1mg/ml @22°C), DMSO, ethanol, acetone. | | BRN | 1730737 | | Henry's Law Constant | 1.28(atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (Mackay and Shiu, 1981) | | Exposure limits | ACGIH TLV: TWA and STEL for all isomers except n-hexane are 500 and
1,000 ppm, respectively (adopted). | | Stability: | Stable. Flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, oxygen. | | InChIKey | ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | LogP | 3.42 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 79-29-8(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | 2,3-Dimethylbutane (79-29-8) |
| | 2,3-Dimethylbutane Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | 2,3-Dimethylbutane, C6H14, is a flammable liquid with a
specific gravity of 0.66164. It is released into the atmosphere
from automobile, biomass combustion, and gasoline vapor
emissions. | | Physical properties | Colorless liquid with a mild gasoline-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 4.2 ppmv was
reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990). | | Uses | 2,3-Dimethylbutane is a branched saturated hydrocarbon for proteomics research. It is used in organic synthesis, catalytic agent, petrochemical additive. | | Uses | 2,3-Dimethylbutane is used in high octane fuels and in organic synthesis. It is also used as a gas chromatography standard. | | Production Methods | 2,3-Dimethylbutane is produced from crude oil, natural
liquid gases, and petroleum refining processes. | | Definition | ChEBI: 2,3-dimethylbutane is an alkane that is butane substituted by a methyl group at positions 2 and 3. It is an alkane and a volatile organic compound. It derives from a hydride of a butane. | | General Description | A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point -20°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. | | Air & Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Insoluble in water. | | Reactivity Profile | Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE is incompatible with oxidizing materials. 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE is also incompatible with oxygen. . | | Health Hazard | Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. | | Flammability and Explosibility | Flammable | | Safety Profile | Probably an irritant and
narcotic in high concentration. A very
dangerous fire and explosion hazard when
exposed to heat or flame; can react
vigorously with oxidizing materials. Keep
away from heat and open flame. To fight
fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes. | | Source | Comprised 1.6 to 2.6 vol % of total evaporated hydrocarbons from gasoline tank (quoted,
Verschueren, 1983). Schauer et al. (1999) reported 2,3-dimethylbutane in a diesel-powered
medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 570 μg/km.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained 2,3-dimethylbutane at a concentration of
12.9 g/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without
catalytic converters were 2.14 and 298 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002). | | Environmental fate | Photolytic. Major products reported from the photooxidation of 2,3-dimethylbutane with
nitrogen oxides are carbon monoxide and acetone. Minor products included formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde and peroxyacyl nitrates (Altshuller, 1983). Synthetic air containing gaseous nitrous
acid and exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300–450 nm) photooxidized 2,3-dimethylbutane into
acetone, hexyl nitrate, peroxyacetal nitrate, and a nitro aromatic compound tentatively identified
as a propyl nitrate (Cox et al., 1980).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. 2,3-
Dimethylbutane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group. | | Purification Methods | Distil it from sodium, pass it through a column of silica gel (activated by heating in nitrogen to 350o before use) to remove unsaturated impurities, and again distil it from sodium. Also distil it azeotropically with MeOH, then wash with water, dry (Na2SO4) it, and redistil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 371.] |
| | 2,3-Dimethylbutane Preparation Products And Raw materials |
| Raw materials | Diisobutyryl peroxide-->M-CYMENE | | Preparation Products | 2,2-Dimethylbutane-->3-METHYLPENTANE-->2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene-->PERFLUORO-2-METHYLPENTANE-->PERFLUORO(2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE)-->2,3,5-TRIMETHYLHEXANE-->2,3,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE-->1,4-DIBROMO-2,3-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)-2-BUTENE-->2,3,3-TRIMETHYLPENTANE-->2,4-DIMETHYLPENTANE |
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