| Description | Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA sodium) is an inhibitor of HDAC and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, used in cancer and infection research.
Sodium phenylbutyrate stimulates urinary nitrogen excretion. It is a prodrug, which undergoes β-oxidation to phenylacetate. Sodium phenylbutyrate is used to treat urea cycle disorder. It might be associated with menstrual dysfunction, amenorrhea and painful mucositis of the esophagus and stomach.
Sodium phenylbutyrate has been used as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor to study the role of ER stress in the expression of betatrophin. |
| Description | Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate is a chemical chaperone that has been shown to rescue the trafficking of misfolded proteins. It also weakly blocks histone deacetylase activity (IC50 = 0.4 mM), which results in cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptosis of various tumors. Formulations containing sodium 4-phenylbutyrate have been used for the treatment of urea cycle disorders. |
| Chemical Properties | White or yellowish-white powder. |
| Uses | ACE inhibitor, antihypertensive, Inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Anti-neoplastic agent and transcriptional regulator. Also acts as an inducer of tumor cytostasis and differentiation.
Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate is a chemical chaperone that has been shown to rescue the trafficking of misfolded proteins.It also weakly blocks histone deacetylase activity (IC50 = 0.4 mM), which results in cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptosis of various tumors.Formulations containing sodium 4-phenylbutyrate have been used for the treatment of urea cycle disorders. |
| Uses | Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate is a histone-deacetylase inhibitor. |
| Uses | Sodium phenylbutyrate has been used as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor to study the role of ER stress in the expression of betatrophin. |
| Definition | ChEBI: The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders. |
| Brand name | Buphenyl (Medicis). |
| General Description | An antineoplastic agent that demonstrates potent differentiating capacity in multiple hematopoietic and solid tumor cell lines. Acts as an inducer of tumor cytostasis and differentiation as well as of peroxisomal proliferation. A more effective inhibitor of histone deacetylase and inducer of histone acetylation than its structural analogs including 2- and 3-phenylbutyrate. Acts as a transcriptional regulator and improve the targeting of δF508-CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) for ubiquitination and degradation by reducing the expression of HSC70 in epithelial cells. Also, reported to increase fetal hemoglobin production in vitro and in vivo. |
| Biological Activity | Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. Inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. Also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of fetal hemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the γ-globin gene and affects hPPARγ activation. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions | Sodium phenylbutyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor. |
| storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| References | 1) Engelhard et al. (1998), Inhibitory effects of phenylbutyrate on the proliferation, morphology, migration and invasiveness of malignant glioma cells; J. Neuro-Oncol., 37 97
2) Appelskog et al. (2004), Histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate suppresses GAPDH mRNA expression in glioma cells; Int. J. Oncol., 24 1419 |
