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| | Divinylbenzene Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -87.1°C | | Boiling point | 195 °C(lit.) | | density | 0.919 g/mL at 20 °C | | vapor density | 4.5 (vs air) | | vapor pressure | 0.9 mm Hg ( 30 °C) | | refractive index | n20/D 1.561(lit.) | | Fp | 148 °F | | storage temp. | Store at +2°C to +8°C. | | solubility | 5mg/l | | form | Liquid | | Specific Gravity | 0.914 | | color | Colorless to pale yellow | | explosive limit | 1.1-6.2%(V) | | Water Solubility | Miscible with ethanol and ether. Immiscible with water. | | FreezingPoint | -87℃ | | Sensitive | Light Sensitive | | Stability: | Stable in the presence of added inhibitor, but may polymerize in the absence of inhibitor. Light and heat sensitive. Incompatible with heavy metal salts, oxidizing agents, acids. | | InChIKey | YARNEMCKJLFQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | LogP | 3.6 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 1321-74-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | Divinylbenzene (1321-74-0) |
| | Divinylbenzene Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | Divinylbenzene is a clear yellow liquid with an aromatic odour. It is a highly flammable and reactive chemical, and the liquid and vapour are combustible. It is incompatible with strong acids and oxidising agents and peroxides. Divinylbenzene reacts vigorously with strong oxidising agents. It also reacts exothermically with both acids and bases, with reducing agents (such as alkali metals and hydrides), and release gaseous hydrogen. May react exothermically with both acids and bases or initiators undergo exothermic polymerisation. It is an extremely versatile chemical cross-linking agent used to improve polymer properties. Divinylbenzene has extensive industrial applications for example, in the manufacture of adhesives, plastics, elastomers, ceramics, biological materials, catalysts, membranes, pharmaceuticals, specialty polymers, and ion exchange resins, as coatings, divinyl benzene has been reported to improve surface properties of rubber goods for biomedical applications, used in photocurable protective coatings for wood, metal, glass, and plastic materials. | | Physical properties | Divinylbenzene is a water-white to straw colored liquid. Slightly less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors may be toxic. Used in making rubber.Synthetic rubber is any one of a group of man-made elastomers that approximate one or more of the properties of natural rubber(polyisoprene). Divinylbenzene has been used in Styrene-Butadiene copolymers (SBR) as adhesives and as processing aids in the extrusion of general purpose rubbers. Rubbers used as impact modifiers such as Methacrylate-Butadiene-Styrene (MBS) have been improved with the inclusion of Divinylbenzene. | | Uses | Divinylbenzene (DVB) is an extremelyversatile cross-linking agent that also improves polymer properties. it has been used to manufacture adhesives,plastics, elastomers, ceramics, biologicalmaterials, coatings, catalysts, membranes, pharmaceuticals, specialty polymers, and ion exchange resins.
DVB has been found to improve the hightemperature strength of adhesives used tobond aluminum to aluminum. Used in anacrylic hydrosol to bond Bakelite resin andpolyester film, DVB was found to increasecreep rupture time dramatically. DVB hasfound utility in cross-linked styrene/butadienepolymers used for caulks and mastics for theconstruction industry.
DVB has been used in the production ofreversed-phase packings for liquidchromatography. Highly cross-linkedpolystyrene packings have been shown tofunction under extreme conditions of highpressures and temperatures. Ion exchangechromatography (IEC) is applicable to theseparation of almost any type of chargedmolecule, from large proteins to smallnucleotides and amino acids.
| | Reference |
- F. C. Huang, C. H. Ke, C. Y. Kao, W. C. Lee, Preparation and application of partially porous poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) particles for lipase immobilization, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001, vol. 80, pp. 39-46
- Teresa Norber-King, Toxicity Reduction and Toxicity Identification Evaluation for effluents, ambient waters, and other aqueous media, 2001, ISBN 1-880611-64-3
| | Chemical Properties | A water-white to straw colored liquid. Slightly less dense than water and insoluble in water. Flash point below 141°F. Vapors may be toxic. Used in making rubber.
| | Uses | Divinylbenzene is a specialty monomer used primarily to make cross-linked polystyrene resins. The largest use of divinylbenzene (DVB) [CAS: 1321-74-0] is in ion-exchange resins for domestic and industrial water softening. Ion-exchange resins are also used as solid acid catalysts for certain reactions, such as esterification. Divinylbenzene is manufactured by dehydrogenation of diethylbenzene, which is an internal product in the alkylation plant for ethylbenzene production. | | Uses | Comonomer for preparation of crosslinked
polymers in production of ion exchange
beads and gel permeation chromatography
polystyrene beads; polymerization monomer
for synthetic rubber, drying oils, and casting
resins | | Uses | Divinylbenzene is used as a reactive monomer in polyester resins and for the synthesis of highly crosslinked macroporous styrene as well as a crosslinking agent. It acts as an intermediate in the production of ion exchange resin. Further, it is used in making rubber, petroleum production and polymeric core shell nanoparticles. In addition, it is used to synthesize monodispersed poly divinylbenzene microspheres. | | Definition | ChEBI: 1,2-Divinylbenzene is a member of styrenes. | | General Description | Divinylbenzene (DVB) consists of a combination of meta and para isomers of DVB and ethylvinylbenzene. It can be used as a monomer for the preparation of linear polydivinylbenzene by anionic polymerization. | | Air & Water Reactions | Flammable. Insoluble in water. | | Reactivity Profile | Divinylbenzene may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. Can react exothermically with reducing agents (such as alkali metals and hydrides) to release gaseous hydrogen. May react exothermically with both acids and bases. May in the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators undergo exothermic polymerization. Inhibited by presence of an additive. When uninhibited violent polymerization may occur . Substitution at the benzene nucleus occurs by halogenation (acid catalyst), nitration, sulfonation, and the Friedel-Crafts reaction. | | Health Hazard | Divinyl benzene is an irritant of
eyes, nose, and mucous membranes.
Mild respiratory irritation occurred in
workers exposed to 0.4–4ppm divinyl
benzene. Mild irritation was also reported
from skin and eye contact. | | Fire Hazard | Divinylbenzene is combustible. | | Flammability and Explosibility | Notclassified | | Safety Profile | Mildly toxic by ingestion.
An eye irritant. Combustible. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating
fumes. | | Carcinogenicity | Divinyl benzene was weakly genotoxic in
vivo, inducing a dose-dependent increase in
sister chromatid exchanges and an increase
in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in
male mice exposed at concentrations of up to
75ppm for 3 days.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) for divinyl
benzene is 10ppm (53mg/m3). | | Purification Methods | Purify divinylbenzene by dissolving in Et2O, shaking with H2O, drying over CaCl2, filtering, evaporating and distilling in vacuo. It polymerises within 2-3days unless 4-tertbutylcatechol (0.05%) is added as stabilizer. [Fries & Bestian Chem Ber 69 715 1936, Beilstein 5 III 1366.] |
| | Divinylbenzene Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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