| Description | Dihydrocapsaicin is a terpene alkaloid that has been found in Capsicum and has diverse biological activities. It is active against E. faecalis, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and C. albicans (MICs = 0.6-10 μg/ml). Dihydrocapsaicin scavenges DPPH and ABTS radicals in cell-free assays. It increases LC3-II, a marker of autophagy, and catalase levels and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in normal WI38 lung fibroblasts and H1299, but not A549 or H460, lung cancer cells when used at a concentration of 200 μM. Dihydrocapsaicin is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and inhibits NETosis induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; ) in isolated human neutrophils. It induces cortical and systemic hypothermia and reduces infarct volume in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) when administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, i.p. |
