| Preparation | Manganese ethylenebis(thiocarbamate) is made by adding disodium ethylenebis( dithiocarbamate) (also, known as Nabam, commercially available) to an aqueous solution of manganese(II) sulfate:
NaSC(=S)NHCH2CH2NHC(=S)SNa + MnSO4 → C4H6MnN2S4 + Na2SO4
Alternatively, the compound may be prepared by neutralizing an aqueous solution of disodiummethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (Nabam) with acetic acid followed by addition of manganese(II) chloride solution.
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| Description | Maneb is a pesticide with fungicide properties and
belongs to the carbamate (bis-dithiocarbamate) group.
Sensitization occurs mainly in farmers and agricultural
workers.
|
| Chemical Properties | Brown powder. Decomposes on heating.
Partially soluble in water; soluble in chloroform. |
| Chemical Properties | Maneb is a yellow powder or crystalline solid
with a faint odor. |
| Uses | Maneb is a contact fungicide that provides protection against a
wide variety of fungal diseases (including leaf spots, blight, rust, downy
mildew, scab, etc.) in field crops, fruits, vines, vegetables, ornamentals,
potatoes, turf, berries and forestry. |
| Uses | Maneb is a complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Maneb is a foliate fungicide used to protect crops in agriculture. Maneb is also useful in creating a toxin-based animal (usually primates) model of Parkinson's disease. |
| Definition | ChEBI: A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab. |
| General Description | Maneb is a yellow powder or crystalline solid. Maneb is denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Maneb may be toxic by ingestion. Likely to generate heat spontaneously upon exposure to air or water. May be sufficient to ignite the material. Maneb is used as a fungicide. Formulations of Maneb include mixing Maneb with many other chemicals such as sulfur, zinc oxide and others to desensitize it. This is done to make Maneb easer for application. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Soluble in water. Maneb is likely to generate heat spontaneously, especially when wet. The heat may be sufficient to ignite the material. Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids. |
| Reactivity Profile | The BPS Pesticide incident in Helena resulted in an explosion and death of three firemen. The burning of a 1,000 pound sack of Azinphos Methyl or the flashing of Maneb which was present on the facility may have caused the explosion. |
| Health Hazard | Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. |
| Fire Hazard | Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. |
| Agricultural Uses | Fungicide: Maneb is an ethylene(bis)dithiocarbamate fungicide
used in the control of early and late blights on potatoes
and tomatoes and many other diseases of fruits, vegetables,
field crops, and ornamentals. Maneb controls a wider
range of diseases than other fungicides. It is available
as granular, wettable powder, flowable concentrate, and
ready-to-use formulations. Maneb is widely used by itself
and in combination with other pesticides on a variety of
crops. Principal uses in California are for head and leaf
lettuce, walnuts, almonds, onions, potatoes and broccoli. |
| Trade name | (The U.S. EPA lists more than 460 active and/
or canceled products containing maneb) AAMANGAN®;
AKZO CHEMIE MANEB®; BASF-MANEB
SPRITZPULVER®; BAVISTIN M®; COSMIC®; CHEM
NEB®; CHLOROBLE M®; CLEANACRES®; CR 3029®;
DELSENE M FLOWABLE®; DITHANE-22®; F 10®;
FARMANEB®; IDA MANEB®; KASCADE®; KYPMAN
80®; LONOCOL M®; MANAM®; MANEB 80®;
MANEBA®; MANEBE®; MANEBGAN®; MANESAN®;
MANESAN®; MANEX®; MANOC®; MANZATE®;
MANZATE D®; MANZATE MANEB FUNGICIDE®;
MANZEB®; MANZI®; M-DIPHAR®; MULTI-W®;
NEREB®; NESPOR®; NEWSPOR®; PLANTIFOG
160 M®; POLYRAM M®; REMASAN CHLOROBLE
M®; RHODIANEHE®; SOPRANEBE®; SQUADRON
AND QUADRANGLE MANEX®; SUPERMAN MANEB
F®; SUP'R FLO®; TERSAN-LSR®; TRIMANGOL®;
TRIMANOC®; TRITHAC®; TUBOTHANE®; UNICROP
MANEB®; VANCIDE®; VANCIDE MANEB 80®;
VASSGRO MANEX®; VITAVAX® Maneb |
| Contact allergens | Maneb is a pesticide with fungicide properties, belong-ing to the dithiocarbamate group. Sensitization occursmainly in farmers and agricultural workers. |
| Safety Profile | Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and
reproductive effects. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic
and tumorigenic data. Mutation data
reported. A fungcide. May ignite
spontaneously in air. When heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
NOx and SOx. See also MANGANESE
COMPOUNDS and CARBAMATES.
|
| Potential Exposure | A potential danger to those involved
in manufacture, formulation, and application of this broad
spectrum dithiocarbamatefungicide. Some dithiocarbamates
have been used as rubber components. DFG warns of danger of skin sensitization. The BPS Pesticide incident in
West Helena, AK resulted in an explosion and death of
three firemen. The burning of a 1000-lb sack of Azinphos
Methyl or the flashing of Maneb which was present on the
facility may have caused the explosion |
| Metabolic pathway | Maneb and other alkylenebis(dithi0carbamate) fungicides are degraded
and metabolised via a common pathway. The primary degradation
reaction of maneb in water, soils, plants and animals involves the initial
dissociation of the metal complex and decomposition to numerous
degradation products including ethylenethiourea (ETU) and ethyleneurea
(EU) as major products (Scheme 1). |
| Shipping | UN2210 Maneb or Maneb preparations with
not <60% maneb, Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous
when wet material, 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material. UN2968 Maneb stabilized or Maneb preparations,
stabilized against self-heating, Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels:
4.3-Dangerous when wet material |
| Purification Methods | Crystallise this fungicide from EtOH. It is soluble in CHCl3. It is a skin irritant.[Beilstein 4 III 149, 4 IV 234.] |
| Degradation | Maneb (1) was rapidly hydrolysed in aqueous solutions (pH 5, 7 and 9)
with DT50 values of <24 hours (PM). Dithiocarbamate compounds
decompose in aqueous solutions following a common pathway that
involves the dissociation of the metal complex, and rapid rearrangement
reactions to yield 5,6-dihydro-3H-imidazo[2,1-c]-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione
(2) which is further degraded slowly to ETU (3). ETU in aqueous solution
was ultimately converted into 2-imidazoline (4) and EU (5) (kaars
Sijpesteijn and Vonk, 1974). |
| Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires
or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, water.
Dithiocarbamate esters are combustible. They react violently with powerful oxidizers such as calcium hypochlorite. Poisonous gases are generated by the thermal
decomposition of Dithiocarbamate compounds, including
carbon disulfide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen,
hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and methylamine. Thio and
dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution
to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other
amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.
Flammable gases are generated by the combination of
dithiocarbamate with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides.
Dithiocarbamate are incompatible with acids, peroxides,
and acid halides. |
| Waste Disposal | Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA
regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment,
and waste disposal. Maneb is unstable to moisture and is
hydrolyzed by acids and hot water. It decomposes at about
100℃ but may spontaneously decompose vigorously when
stored in bulk. Incineration is the preferred disposal
means. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package
label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional
EPA office |
