beryllium chloride

beryllium chloride Basic information
Product Name:beryllium chloride
Synonyms:berylliumchloride(becl2);NA 1566;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE;Beryllium dichloride;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, SUBL.;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, SUBLIMED, 99%;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS;berillium chloride
CAS:7787-47-5
MF:BeCl2
MW:79.92
EINECS:232-116-4
Product Categories:Inorganic Salts;Others;Inorganics;BerylliumMicro/Nanoelectronics;Electronic Chemicals;Synthetic Reagents
Mol File:7787-47-5.mol
beryllium chloride Structure
beryllium chloride Chemical Properties
Melting point 399 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 520°C
density 1.899 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 1 mm at 291°C (subl)
form white-yellow orthorhombic crystals
color Colorless, deliquescent needles, or orthorhombiccrystals
Water Solubility very soluble H2O with evolution of heat [MER06]: g/100g solution H2O: 40.35 (0°C), 41.72 (25°C); solid phase, BeCl2 · 4H2O [KRU93]; soluble alcohol, benzene, ether [HAW93]
Merck 13,1170
CAS DataBase Reference7787-47-5
EPA Substance Registry SystemBeryllium chloride (7787-47-5)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T+,N
Risk Statements 49-25-26-36/37/38-43-48/23-51/53
Safety Statements 53-45-61
RIDADR UN 1566 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 3
RTECS DS2625000
3-10
HazardClass 6.1(b)
PackingGroup III
Hazardous Substances Data7787-47-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orl-rat: 86 mg/kg HYSAAV 30,169,65
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
beryllium chloride Usage And Synthesis
Chemical PropertiesBeryllium chloride is available as colorless to yellow crystals. It decomposes rapidly on contact with water producing hydrogen chloride, and attacks many metals in the presence of water. Beryllium chloride emits irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fi re.
Physical propertiesBeryllium chloride has the formula BeCl2 with a molecular weight of 79.9176 g/mol. Beryllium chloride, BeCl2, melts at 405°C and boils at 520°C. That compares with 714°C and 1412°C for magnesium chloride. The solid is a one-dimensional polymer consisting of edge-shared tetrahedra. In contrast, BeF2 is a threedimensional polymer, with a structure akin to that of quartz. In the gas phase, BeCl2 exists both as a linear monomer and a bridged dimer with two bridging chlorine atoms where the beryllium atom is 3-coordinate. This linear shape contrasts with the monomeric forms of some of the dihalides of the heavier members of group 2, e.g. CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, SrCl2, BaCl2 and Ba that are all nonlinear.
beryllium chloride lewis structure
beryllium chloride lewis structure
The pure chloride is a glassy, transparent mass having a specific gravity of 2.01 at 15°C. It becomes fluid toward 440°C, passing through a viscous condition, but above 800° C it begins to volatilize, yielding white and very deliquescent crystals. It dissolves readily in water, but is only slightly soluble in absolute alcohol. By cooling an alcoholic solution to 23°C, one can obtain a white crystalline mass which, however, melts easily as the temperature rises.
Beryllium chloride, an electron-deficient compound similar to aluminum chloride, is a Lewis acid. The anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic reactions.



HistoryAlthough early workers (1798) obtained the chloride in solution, the pure salt was not made until about 1827 when one worker of the time prepared it in the sublimed anhydrous state by passing chlorine gas over a heated mixture of carbon and beryllium oxide. Finally (1885), it was prepared as the pure chloride in very pure form for the purpose of determining its vapor density by the action of dry hydrochloric acid gas on the metal, but the pure salt was not produced until 1898 when one worker made it by heating the double fluoride of ammonium and beryllium, which had previously been dried over phosphoric anhydride, in a current of dry carbon dioxide and cooled in an atmosphere of the same gas. He also prepared it by the action of hydrofluoric acid gas on the carbide. No matter what method is used, it was determined that the materials must be absolutely dry if a pure chloride is to be obtained.
UsesBeryllium chloride (BeCl2) is used as a catalyst to accelerate many organic reactions, and beryllium chloride is the electrolyte used along with NaCl in the electrolytic process to produce beryllium metal.
UsesBeryllium chloride is used as a component of molten salt baths for electrowinning or electrorefining of the metal. The compound hydrolyzes readily with atmospheric moisture, evolving HCl, so protective atmospheres are required during processing.
UsesIn dry form, as catalyst for organic reactions.
DefinitionChEBI: A compound of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and chloride in the ratio 1:2.
PreparationBeryllium chloride is prepared by passing chlorine over beryllium oxide and carbon:
BeO + C + Cl2 → BeCl2 + CO
It also is made by combination of beryllium with chlorine.
General DescriptionWhite to green solid with a sharp odor.
Air & Water ReactionsReacts with water with evolution of heat. Forms beryllium oxide and hydrochloric acid solution. Corrodes most metals in presence of moisture. Flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces [USCG, 1999].
Reactivity ProfileAcidic salts, such as BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE reacts with vigor with sulfur nitrides. Some explode upon intimate mixing, i.e. tetrasulfur tetranitride.
HazardVery toxic.
Health HazardExposures to beryllium chloride cause redness, pain and blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Inhalation of beryllium chloride causes cough, sore throat, shortness of breath
Health HazardInhalation causes pneumonitis, nasopharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, dyspnea, chronic cough. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with dust causes conjunctival inflammation of eyes and irritation of skin. Any dramatic, unexplained weight loss should be considered as a possible first indication of beryllium disease.
Fire HazardSpecial Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating beryllium oxide fumes and hydrogen chloride may form in fires.
Safety ProfileConfirmed carcinogen withexperimental tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Otherexperimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported.When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumesof
beryllium chloride Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsBERYLLIUM OXIDE
BERYLLIUM SULFATE TETRAHYDRATE BERYLLIUM SULFATE Lithium sulfate beryllium dibromide Beryllium Iodide Beryllium fluoride Magnesium iodide FERROUS SULFATE BERYLLIUMCARBONATE Magnesium fluoride Silicon nitride BERYLLIUM HYDROXIDE Magnesium bromide Magnesium chloride beryllium chloride Beryllium BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, TETRAHYDRATE Beryllium chloride fluoride

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