1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Basic information
Product Name:1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Synonyms:TRIMETHYLBENZENE;1,2,4-trimethyl-benzen;1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene);1,3,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE;1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE;PSI-CUMENE;PSEUDOCUMENE;PSEUDOCUMOL
CAS:95-63-6
MF:C9H12
MW:120.19
EINECS:202-436-9
Product Categories:Industrial/Fine Chemicals;Arenes;Alpha Sort;Building Blocks;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks;Analytical Chemistry;Analytical Standards;AromaticsChemical Class;Chemical Class;Hydrocarbons;NeatsVolatiles/ Semivolatiles;TP - TZ;T-ZAlphabetic;Standard Solution of Volatile Organic Compounds for Water & Soil Analysis;Standard Solutions (VOC)
Mol File:95-63-6.mol
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Structure
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Chemical Properties
Melting point -44 °C
Boiling point 168 °C(lit.)
density 0.876 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density 4.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure 4.5 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.504(lit.)
Fp 120 °F
storage temp. Store below +30°C.
solubility 0.057g/l
pka>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
form Liquid
color Clear colorless
Odorchar. aromatic odor
Odor Threshold0.12ppm
explosive limit0.8-7%(V)
Water Solubility Soluble in alcohol, benzene and ether. Slightly soluble in water
Merck 14,7915
BRN 1903005
Henry's Law Constant6.946, 11.202, and 15.702 at 27.0, 35.0, and 45.0 °C, respectively (dynamic headspace, Hansen et al., 1995)
Exposure limitsNIOSH REL: TWA 25 ppm (125 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA for mixed isomers 25 ppm (adopted).
Stability:Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air.
InChIKeyGWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP3.630
CAS DataBase Reference95-63-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (95-63-6)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xn,N,F,Xi,T
Risk Statements 10-20-36/37/38-51/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-65
Safety Statements 26-61-45-36/37-16-7-62
RIDADR UN 3295 3/PG 3
WGK Germany 2
RTECS DC3325000
Autoignition Temperature959 °F
Hazard Note Irritant/Flammable
TSCA Yes
HazardClass 3
PackingGroup III
HS Code 29029090
Hazardous Substances Data95-63-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 i.p. in male, female mice (mg/kg): 5000, 4100 (Janik-Spiechowicz)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
ALFA English
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Usage And Synthesis
Description1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (mesitylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound commonly present in commercial solvents encompassing their boiling range. Mesitylene are the most common isomer used in commercial applications. Aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon solvents are predominantly alkylated one ring structures as well as two aromatic ring structures which may also be alkylated.
Chemical Propertiescolourless liquid. Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether and benzene.
Physical propertiesColorless liquid with a slight aromatic odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 12 mg/m3 (2.4 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974).
Uses1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is the unlabelled version of 1,2,4-Trimethyl 13C6-benzene (T796173), a labelled aromatic standard.
UsesSterilizing catgut by heating one hour at 160°; solvent in manufacture of dyes, perfumes and resins. Solvent for liquid scintillation counting solutions.
DefinitionChEBI: 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene is a trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. It has a role as a neurotoxin.
Synthesis Reference(s)Journal of the American Chemical Society, 73, p. 766, 1951 DOI: 10.1021/ja01146a079
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34, p. 540, 1986 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.34.540
General DescriptionA liquid. Flash point near 130°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors irritate eyes, throat, and nose. Used in dyes and pharmaceuticals.
Air & Water ReactionsInsoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene is incompatible with the following: Oxidizers, nitric acid .
HazardModerate fire risk. Central nervous system depressant, irritant to mucous membranes. Asthma and hematologic effects.
Health HazardHarmful if inhaled or swallowed. Vapor or mist is irritating to the eyes, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Prolonged contact can cause dermatitis, nausea, headache, dizziness, and narcotic effect.
Safety ProfileModerately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Can cause central nervous system depression, anemia, bronchitis. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. To fight fire, use foam, alcohol foam, mist. Emitted from modern building materials (CENEAR 69,22,91). When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
ToxicologyAcute toxicity studies (oral, dermal and inhalation routes of exposure) have been conducted in rats. Oral LD50 values of greater than 5000 mg/kg have been reported. For solvent products containing predominantly mixed C9 aromatic hydrocarbons, oral LD50 values have been reported as greater than 6880 mg/kg (males) and greater than 3440 mg/kg (females). LC50 values of 18,000 mg/m3 was reported for 1,2,4-TMB. For C9 aromatic solvents, the LC50 was greater than 10,200 mg/m3 (Shell Research Laboratory, 1976, unpublished study). One dermal acute study showed an LD50 value of greater than 3440 mg/kg for a C9 aromatic solvent (Shellsol A, a highly aromatic solvent boiling in the white spirit range, consisting of primarily C9 isomers particularly TMBs)
Environmental fateBiological. In anoxic groundwater near Bemidji, MI, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene anaerobically biodegraded to the intermediate 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid and the tentatively identified compounds 2,4- and/or 2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid (Cozzarelli et al., 1990).
Photolytic. Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and biacetyl were produced from the photooxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene by OH radicals in air at 25 °C (Tuazon et al., 1986a). A rate constant of 2.0 x 10-8 L/molecule?sec was reported for the reaction of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene with OH radicals in the gas phase (Darnall et al., 1976). Similarly, the rate constants for the reaction of 1,2,4- trimethylbenzene and OH radicals at room temperature were 3.35 x 10-11 (Hansen et al., 1975) and 3.84 x 10-11 cm3/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1985). At 25 °C, a rate constant of 3.15 x 10-11 cm3/molecule?sec was reported for the same reaction (Ohta and Ohyama, 1985). Products identified from the OH radical-initiated reaction of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in the presence of nitrogen dioxide were 3-hexene-2,5-dione and 2,3-butanedione (Bethel et al., 2000).
Chemical/Physical. 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene will not hydrolyze in water (Kollig, 1993).
Purification MethodsReflux pseudocumene over sodium and distil it under reduced pressure. [Beilstein 6 H 1088, 6 I 542, 6 II 1072, 6 III 6278, 6 IV 7339.]
Dodecahydrotriphenylene 2-FLUORENECARBOXALDEHYDE 2-tert-Butylanthraquinone ANTHRAQUINONE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID 1-AMINO-2-METHYLANTHRAQUINONE Emodin 3,4-Dimethylbenzyl chloride 1-BROMO-2,3,5,6-TETRAMETHYLBENZENE 2-Methyl anthraquinone 2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)ANTHRAQUINONE 9-Fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid 2-Acetylfluorene 2,5-Dimethylbenzyl chloride 5-BROMO-1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 1,2-BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)-4,5-DIMETHYLBENZENE alpha-2-Chloroisodurene ALIZARIN COMPLEXONE Chrysophanic acid

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