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| | Neomycin sulfate Basic information |
| | Neomycin sulfate Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | >187°C (dec.) | | alpha | D20 +54° (c = 2 in H2O) | | refractive index | 56 ° (C=10, H2O) | | Fp | 56℃ | | storage temp. | 2-8°C | | solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL As a stock solution. Stock solutions should be filter sterilized and stored at 2-8°C. Stable at 37°C for 5 days. | | form | powder | | color | white to slightly yellow | | PH | 5.0-7.5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) | | Water Solubility | Soluble in water | | Merck | 14,6454 | | Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. | | InChIKey | OIXVKQDWLFHVGR-VTSVPHRWSA-N | | LogP | -3.655 (est) | | CAS DataBase Reference | 1405-10-3(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | Neomycin sulfate (1405-10-3) |
| | Neomycin sulfate Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | NEOMYCIN SULFATE is white or yellowish-white powder, hygroscopic.
| | Uses | NEOMYCIN SULFATE is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications. NEOMYCIN SULFATE has been used as a preventive measure for hepatic encephalopathy and hypercholesterolemia.
| | Uses | NEOMYCIN SULFATE is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by S. fradiae that inhibits protein translation by binding to the small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes. It blocks voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels and is a potent inhibitor of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. NEOMYCIN SULFATE has been shown to inhibit inositol phospholipid turnover, phospholipase C, and phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D activity (IC50 = 65 μM). It is highly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is commonly used for the prevention of bacterial contamination of cell cultures.
| | Uses | Neomycin sulfate is an antibiotic (can be used effectively against most bacteria that cause skin, eye and outer ear infections); broad-spectrum antibiotic
in topical creams, powders, ointments, eye and ear drops; systemic antibiotic and growth promotor in veterinary use. | | Indications | This drug is obtained from species of the actinomycete Streptomyces
and is an aminoglycoside antibiotic (as are streptomycin, gentamicin, and
kanamycin) effective against most aerobic gram-negative organisms. Group A streptococci
are relatively resistant. Neomycin acts to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
by irreversibly binding to the 30S subunit. It is responsible for a greater incidence
of allergic contact sensitivity than any other topical antibiotic. This diagnosis often
remains hidden, because morphologically the eruption is of a mild eczematous
nature. Rarely, anaphylaxis may occur. | | Definition | ChEBI: Neomycin B sulfate is the aminoglycoside sulfate salt that is the sulfate salt of neomycin B; a component of neomycin sulfate. It contains a framycetin. | | Brand name | Mycifradin (Pharmacia & Upjohn);
Neo-Fradin (X Gen); Neobiotic (Pfizer);Abilene;Akentect;Amcort;Amphocort;Antibitulle;Apokalin;Aurex;Auriod;Baneopol;Barriere-mycin;Bastu-angin;Bedermin 100;Bio hubber;Biodry;Biofradin;Biofur;Biosol-m;Bio-vitastrept;Bivacyn;Bykanula;Canaural;Canoral;Cebemyxine;Cefrocyn;Cg 3224;Cicatrex;Cleniderm;Conderm;Conjuctilone;Cornemin;Cortinen;Damapo;Davimycin;Degramycin;Derbitan antibiotico;Dermicema;Dermo sonerge;Dermoface;Dermosan;Dermovate-nn;Derobion;Dexaamisolone-n;Dexabiotan;Dexacidin;Dexamist;Dexavetaderm;Dia-ject;Diarest;Dienterol;Dimicina;Doreplaston/doser/f;Dorithicin;Dulcicortine;Duphacerate;Dv 201;Emcortina;Emorex k berna;Enbacin;Enteromac;Enteropast;Enterosintex;Eustoporin;Febrizene;Fissan;Fl 6321 n;Flogocid;Fml-neo-liquifilm;Foille;Forbesotic;Formula 888;Forticillin;Fradyl;Frakidex;Frakitacine;Gastromycin;Gregoderm;Gustibon;H plus n;Hagrosept;Halicomb;Heliomycort;Hydrocortiderm;Hydro-neo oculos;I-caps;Idepa;Ido-op;Intradermo caf;Iodentero0neomicina;Itro;Jenomycin;Kaomycin;Kaopectate n;Kortikiod mepha;Lanbiotic;Larmicin;Latodurin;Linitut;Mammanopen;Mastrinal;Medisec neo;Medisec-cloxa;Medri-biotic;Meimyd;Menaderm antiacne;Mycerin;Mycidex;Mycimist;Mycipo;Mytrex;Nasomixin;Naso-neomicin;Nasydrin;Nefluan;Neimicina roger;Neo decaderm;Neo-analsona;Neoaristovet;Neobacimyx-h;Neobicin;Neobristan;Neo-cantil;Neocidin;Neocillin;Neoclox;Neocones;Neodecasone;Neo-delta-cortef;Neofluid;Neo-hydro;Neointestin;Neomac;Neo-mantle;Neo-mastitar;Neomycane;Neo-myx;Neo-otosol-hc;Neopec;Neopenol;Neopt;Neo-remusin;Neostrep;Neosule;Nifuramicin;Nisocla;Nisoclyn;Nisodyn;Nodryl;Nokamycin;Noperil;Ophthlmycin;Optiprime opthcoat;Optisone;Oribiotic;Oterna;Oticair;Oto vitna;Otocortison;Oto-flunal;Otomycin;Oto-sinerbe;Panotile;Parkeole;Parkesteron;Pentalmicina;Pervet;Phytacorcin;Polemycin;Polybactrin-g;Polygynax;Poly-pred;Polyspecrin;Porcijec;Prednicidin;Prevotec;Propaderm-n;Pulveodil;Pyocidin hc;Renokab;Rino vitna;Rinofilax;Rinojet;Rovicine;Saleton;Salvacolina nn;Sanibiovit;Sanimix;Sanistress;Secantol;Septomixine forte;Silderm;Siquent neomycin;Sofan;Sorbitoxin;Spersapolymyxin dispersa;Steros-anal;S-thalmic;Stiedex;Sulfix-6;Super masticort;Super mastitare;Synalar polyvalent;Syralbina;Tampovagan;Tariston;Telestyl;Tiframild;Tobispray;Topitasico;Tresaderm;Tribiotic;Tri-bow;Tricilone;Tri-optics;Troc;Tweenal;Ubrocelan;Uniriod;Uro-beniktol;Uro-nebctin;Varicella-rit;V-cortanmycetine;Vetroyl;Vetsovate;Vista-methasone n;V-softa. | | World Health Organization (WHO) | Neomycin sulfate, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was first isolated in 1949 and has subsequently been included in topical, oral and parenteral preparations. Its value in the treatment of diarrhoea is widely questioned although it is still contained in a number of widely available antidiarrhoeal preparations. In some countries the officially approved indications for oral preparations are restricted to the preparation of the bowel prior to surgery and the management of hepatic coma. | | General Description | Chemical structure: aminoglycoside | | Biochem/physiol Actions | Neomycin Trisulfateis an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is produced by Streptomyces containing a minimum of 85% neomycin B.It is used to study the cytotoxic side effects of antibiotics, platelet-derived growth factor responses in certain fibroblasts and extraction of nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-interacting proteins. Neomycin trisulfate?functions as a selection agent for prokaryotic cells transformed using the neo selectable marker gene. This product is recommended for use in cell culture applications at 5 mL/L. | | Contact allergens | Neomycin is an antibiotic complex of the aminoglycosides
group, extracted from Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed
of neomycin A (neamin) and an isomer neobiosamin, either neomycin B (framycetin or Soframycin?) or neomycin C.
Its use has been progressively forbidden in cosmetics and
as an additive for animal feed. Occupational contact dermatitis
occurs in workers at animal feed mills, in veterinaries,
or in health workers. Nonoccupational dermatitis mainly
concerns patients with chronic dermatitis, leg ulcers, or
chronic otitis. Cross-sensitivity is usual with other aminoglycosides
(amikacin, arbekacin, butirosin, dibekacin, gentamicin,
isepamicin, kanamycin, paromomycin,
ribostamycin, sisomycin, tobramycin), is rare with netilmicin
and streptomycin, but nonexistent with spectinomycin. | | Clinical Use | In a search for antibiotics less toxic than streptomycin,Waksman and Lechevalier isolated neomycin (Mycifradin,Neobiotic) in 1949 from Streptomyces fradiae. Since then, theimportance of neomycin has increased steadily, and today, itis considered one of the most useful antibiotics for the treatmentof GI infections, dermatological infections, and acutebacterial peritonitis. Also, it is used in abdominal surgery toreduce or avoid complications caused by infections from bacterialflora of the bowel. It has broad-spectrum activityagainst various organisms and shows a low incidence of toxicand hypersensitivity reactions. It is absorbed very slightlyfrom the digestive tract, so its oral use ordinarily does not produce any systemic effect. The development of neomycinresistantstrains of pathogens is rarely reported in those organismsagainst which neomycin is effective.
Neomycin as the sulfate salt is a white to slightly yellow,crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. It is hygroscopicand photosensitive (but stable over a wide pH rangeand to autoclaving). Neomycin sulfate contains the equivalentof 60% of the free base.
Neomycin, as produced by S. fradiae, is a mixture ofclosely related substances. Included in the “neomycin complex”is neamine (originally designated neomycin A) andneomycins B and C. S. fradiae also elaborates another antibiotic,the fradicin, which has some antifungal propertiesbut no antibacterial activity. This substance is not present in“pure” neomycin. | | Safety Profile | Poison by
intramuscular, intravenous, and
subcutaneous routes. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: somnolence,
hallucinations and distorted perceptions, and
anorexia. A human skin irritant. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of SOx. | | Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Because neomycin is more nephrotoxic and less effective against
several bacterial species than either gentamicin or amikacin, its use
is generally limited to topical formulations for skin, eyes, and ears,
oral treatment of enteric infections, to reduce microbe numbers in
the colon prior to colon surgery, and oral or enema administration
to reduce ammonia-producing bacteria in the treatment of hepatic
encephalopathy. Doses for parenteral administration are listed below,
but should be used only with extreme caution due to the drug’s
toxic potential. | | Drug interactions | Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antibacterials: absorption of
phenoxymethylpenicillin reduced; increased risk of
nephrotoxicity with colistimethate or polymyxins
and possibly cephalosporins; increased risk of
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity with capreomycin or
vancomycin.
Anticoagulants: altered INR with coumarins or
phenindione.
Ciclosporin: increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Cytotoxics: possibly reduced methotrexate
absorption; bioavailability of sorafenib reduced;
increased risk of nephrotoxicity and possibly of
ototoxicity with platinum compounds.
Diuretics: increased risk of ototoxicity with loop
diuretics.
Muscle relaxants: enhanced effects of
suxamethonium and non-depolarising muscle
relaxants.
Parasympathomimetics: antagonism of effect of
neostigmine and pyridostigmine.
Tacrolimus: increased risk of nephrotoxicity | | Metabolism | Only 3% of dose is absorbed. Approximately 97% of an
oral dose is excreted unchanged in the faeces |
| | Neomycin sulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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