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| | Dyclonine hydrochloride Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 175-176°C | | storage temp. | Inert atmosphere,2-8°C | | solubility | Soluble in DMSO (20 mg/ml); Water (25 mg/ml) | | form | solid | | color | White | | Water Solubility | Partly soluble in water. Soluble in chloroform, ethanol, acetone and methanol. | | Merck | 14,3473 | | Stability: | Stable for 2 years from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or distilled water may be stored at -20°C for up to 2 months. | | InChI | InChI=1S/C18H27NO2.ClH/c1-2-3-15-21-17-9-7-16(8-10-17)18(20)11-14-19-12-5-4-6-13-19;/h7-10H,2-6,11-15H2,1H3;1H | | InChIKey | KNZADIMHVBBPOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | SMILES | C1(C(=O)CCN2CCCCC2)C=CC(OCCCC)=CC=1.Cl | | CAS DataBase Reference | 536-43-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Hazard Codes | Xn | | Risk Statements | 22-37/38-41 | | Safety Statements | 26-36 | | RIDADR | 3249 | | WGK Germany | 3 | | RTECS | UG8750000 | | HazardClass | 6.1(b) | | PackingGroup | III | | HS Code | 2933399090 |
| | Dyclonine hydrochloride Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | Dyclonine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of Dyclonine. Dyclonine belongs to a kind of oral anaesthetic. It is contained in the “Sucrets” as well as some kinds of Cepacol sore throat spray as an active ingredient. Dyclonine takes effect through reversibly binding to the activated sodium channels located on the neuronal membrane. This decreases the permeability of sodium across the neuronal membrane, further increasing the threshold for excitation. Overall, Dyclonine stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, resulting in the failure of a propagated action potential and further suppressing the subsequent conduction. This causes a transient and reversible anaesthetic effect in a local area of the body.
| | Chemical Properties | Dyclonine hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder possessing topical anesthetic properties characterized by rapid onset of effect, lack of systemic toxicity and a low index of sensitization. | | Indications | Dyclonine hydrochloride is a ketone derivative without an ester or amide linkage that may be used in patients who are allergic to the common anesthetics. Dyclonine offers advantages over other topical anesthetic agents.Extensive experience with the topical preparation has shown it to be effective and safe. As a topical anesthetic, dyclonine hydrochloride is available by prescription, and to patients it is available over-the-counter in Sucrets lozenges.
Classification: Ketone.
Available concentration: Formulated for use in dentistry as a 0.5% or 1% solution.
Onset of action: Slow; may take up to 10 minutes to become effective. Duration: Average duration of 30 minutes; however, effects may last up to 1 hour.
Maximum recommended dose: 200 mg (40 mL of 0.5% solution or 20 mL of a 1% solution).
Metabolism/excretion: No information is available on the metabolism and excretion of dyclonine hydrochloride.
Pregnancy/lactation: FDA Category C/Caution is recommended during lactation.
| | Uses | Dyclonine hydrochloride is used for the temporary relief of the following occasional mouth and throat symptoms: pain, minor irritation, sore mouth and sore throat. It is a sodium channel blocker and a HSP90 chaperone protein inhibitor. It shows local anesthetic effects in vivo and is orally active. | | References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyclonine
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dyclonine_hydrochloride#section=Top
| | Description | Dyclonine (536-43-6) is a? topical anesthetic which has been used for oral and throat analgesia.1 Enhances neuronal mitochondrial function, potentiating respiration and providing protection against insults associated with neurodegenerative disorders.2 Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A1 resulting in accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal, which renders head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells sensitive to the cystine-glutamate antiporter inhibitor, sulfasalazine.3 Rescues frataxin deficiency in animal models as well as in buccal cells of patients with Friedreich’s Ataxia.4 Enhances the cytotoxic effect of proteasome inhibitors MG-1325 and bortezomib6 in cancer cells. | | Chemical Properties | White Crystalline Solid | | Originator | Dyclone,Dow,US,1956 | | Uses | Provides anesthesia of mucous membranes. Apply 5 to 10 minutes before a
procedure; apply b.i.d. to t.i.d. for pain relief. Onset of action is within 2 to 10
minutes. Anesthesia lasts 30 to 60 minutes. | | Uses | anesthetic (topical) | | Uses | Used as a local anesthetic | | Uses | Dyclonine hydrochloride is used for the temporary relief of the following occasional mouth and throat symptoms: pain, minor irritation, sore mouth and sore throat. It is a sodium channel blocker and a HSP90 chaperone protein inhibitor. It shows local anesthetic effects in vivo and is orally active. | | Definition | ChEBI: The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine. | | Manufacturing Process | A mixture of 17.6 grams of p-n-butoxyacetophenone, 12.1 grams of piperidine
hydrochloride, 4.5 grams paraformaldehyde, 0.25 cc concentrated hydrochloric
acid, 52.5 cc nitroethane, 7.5 cc of 95% ethanol, and 15 cc of toluene was
boiled under reflux for one hour, removing water formed in the reaction by
means of a condensate trap. The mixture was then cooled. The crystals which
formed were collected by filtration, washed with anhydrous ether and
recrystallized from methyl ethyl ketone. The crystals thus obtained, which
melted at 174-175°C, were shown by analysis to be 4-n-butoxy-β-
piperidinopropiophenone hydrochloride. | | Brand name | Dyclone (AstraZeneca). | | Therapeutic Function | Local anesthetic | | References | Groeben et al. (2001), Airway anesthesia alone does not explain attenuation of histamine-induced bronchospasm by local anesthetics: a comparison of lidocaine, ropivacaine, and dyclonine; Anesthesiology, 94 423
Boglarka et al. (2020), High-Throughput Small Molecule Screen Identifies Modulators of Mitochondrial Function in Neurons; iScience, 23 100931
Okazaki et al. (2018), Synthetic lethality of the ALDH3A1 inhibitor dyclonine and xCT inhibitors in glutathione deficiency-resistant cancer cells; Oncotarget, 9 33832
Sahdeo et al. (2014), Dyclonine rescues frataxin deficiency in animal models and buccal cells of patients with Friedriech’s ataxia; Hum. Mol. Genet., 23 6848
Ju et al. (2009), Dyclonine and alverine citrate enhance the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on breast cancer cells; J. Mol. Med., 23 205
Ju et al. (2014), Dyclonine enhances the cytotoxic effect of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells; Mol. Med. Rep., 10 2609 |
| | Dyclonine hydrochloride Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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