| | DIPHACINONE Basic information |
| | DIPHACINONE Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 146-147° | | Boiling point | 436.18°C (rough estimate) | | density | 1.1454 (rough estimate) | | vapor pressure | 1.37 x l0-8 Pa (25 °C) | | refractive index | 1.6700 (estimate) | | solubility | DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly) | | Water Solubility | 0.3 mg l-1 | | pka | 2.79±0.10(Predicted) | | form | Solid | | color | Light Yellow to Yellow | | CAS DataBase Reference | 82-66-6(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | Diphacinone (82-66-6) |
| | DIPHACINONE Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | Diphacinone is also called 2-(diphenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dione,
is a yellow powder
which is practically insoluble in water, readily soluble
in chloroform, toluene, xylene, acetone, ethanol, heptane,
alkalis [9, p. 431]. | | Originator | Dipaxin,Upjohn,US,1955 | | Uses | Diphacinone is used for the control of rats, mice, voles, prairie
dogs, ground squirrels and other rodents. | | Uses | Diphacinone is an anticoagulant rodenticide widely used to control rodent infestations. | | Uses | Rodenticide. | | Production Methods | Diphacinone is produced by condensation of 1,1-diphenyl
acetone with dimethyl phthalate in the presence of sodium
methoxide (30). | | Definition | ChEBI: Diphenadione is a diarylmethane and a beta-triketone. | | Manufacturing Process | A solution of sodium methoxide was prepared by adding 2.76 grams (0.12mol) of sodium to 50 ml of absolute methanol and gently warming the
mixture to effect complete solution of the sodium. To this was added 300
milliliters of dry benzene with vigorous stirring, whereafter excess methanol
was removed by concentrating the mixture to a volume of about 100 ml. To
the resulting sodium methoxide suspension was added a solution of 19.4
grams (0.1 mol) of dimethyl phthalate in 200 ml of dry benzene. The mixture
was heated to boiling and a solution of 21 grams (0.1 mol) of diphenylacetone
in 200 ml of dry benzene was added dropwise thereto. During addition
approximately 200 ml of liquid, which consisted of benzene together with
methanol formed during the course of the reaction, was distilled from the
reaction mixture. After addition of the diphenylacetone, the mixture was
heated under reflux for about 6 hours, cooled and stirred vigorously with 200
ml of 5% sodium hydroxide solution.
The light yellow solid which separated was collected by filtration; the filtrate
was reserved for treatment as described below. Suspension in water of the
solid, which weighed 12 grams, and acidification of the mixture with dilute
hydrochloric acid produced a gum which soon crystallized. Recrystallization of
this solid from ethanol gave 10.2 grams (30%) of 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-
indandione as a light yellow crystalline solid, which melted at 146-147°C.
The filtrate mentioned above consisted of 3 layers. An oily layer which was
present between the aqueous and benzene layers was separated, acidified and
extracted with ether. The aqueous layer was likewise separated, acidified and
extracted with ether. The extracts were combined, dried and evaporated to
yield a heavy gum which was crystallized from ethanol to give an additional
2.5 grams of product which melted at 146-147°C. The total yield of 2-
diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione was 12.7 grams (37%). | | Therapeutic Function | Anticoagulant | | General Description | Odorless pale yellow crystals. Used as a rodenticide and anticoagulant medication. | | Air & Water Reactions | Practically insoluble in water (17mg/L). Hydrolyzed by strong acid. | | Reactivity Profile | DIPHACINONE is a ketone, and behaves as a weak acid. Forms water soluble alkali metal salts. Ketones are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with aldehydes, HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4. | | Health Hazard | DIPHACINONE is extremely toxic; probable oral lethal dose in humans is 5-50 mg/kg, or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 150-lb. person. Many medical conditions will be aggravated by DIPHACINONE. | | Fire Hazard | When heated to decomposition DIPHACINONE emits acrid smoke and fumes. Sensitive to light. | | Agricultural Uses | Rodenticide: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) when
the formulation contains 3% or more of diphacinone.
Diphacinone is an anti-coagulant rodenticide bait used for
control of rats, mice, voles and other rodents. It is available
in meal, pellet, wax block, and liquid bait formulations, as
well as in tracking powder and concentrate formulations.
It is used in general agriculture and in food-processing areas. The top five uses for diphacinone in California are on
landscapes, general vertebrate pest control, around structures and right of ways, and on oranges. This material is
also used as an anticoagulant medication. Not approved for
use in EU countries. | | Trade name | DE-PESTER®[C]; DIDANDIN®;
DIPAXIN®; DITRAC®; GOLD CREST®; KILL-RO
RAT KILLER®; LIQUA-TOX®, diphacinone sodium
salt; ORAGULANT®; P. C. Q. ®; PID®; PROMAR®;
RAMIK®; RAT KILLER®; RODENT CAKE®[C];
SOLVAN®; TOMCAT®; U 1363® | | Safety Profile | Poison by ingestion.
Inlxbits blood clotting, leading to
hemorrhages. Action similar to coumadin
(warfarin). A pesticide used in rodent
control. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes | | Metabolic pathway | Diphacinone is a member of the indandione class of anti-coagulants.
Its fate in rats and mice has been reported but no information on its
degradation in soil or plants has been published. It is metabolised by
hydroxylation and conjugation. | | Degradation | Diphacinone is stable in solution at pH 6-9 for 14 days; it is hydrolysed in
less than 24 hours at pH 4 (PM). It is rapidly degraded under conditions of
aqueous photolysis (PM). |
| | DIPHACINONE Preparation Products And Raw materials |
|
