|
| | CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE Basic information |
| | CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | −22 °C(lit.) | | Boiling point | 119-120 °C748 mm Hg(lit.) | | density | 2.451 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) | | vapor pressure | 76 at 20 °C (Schwille, 1988) | | refractive index | n20/D 1.547(lit.) | | Fp | 115-118°C | | storage temp. | 2-8°C | | solubility | acetone: soluble | | form | neat | | color | Clear, colorless to pale yellow, heavy liquid | | Water Solubility | Not miscible or difficult to mix in water. | | Sensitive | Moisture & Light Sensitive | | Merck | 14,2135 | | BRN | 1731046 | | Henry's Law Constant | In seawater (salinity 30.4‰): 2.78, 5.56, and 10.13 at 0, 10, and 20 °C, respectively (Moore et al.,
1995) | | CAS DataBase Reference | 124-48-1(CAS DataBase Reference) | | IARC | 3 (Vol. 52, 71) 1999 | | EPA Substance Registry System | Chlorodibromomethane (124-48-1) |
| | CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Properties | Dibromochloromethane is a clear colorless liq-
uid. | | Chemical Properties | clear light yellow to orange liquid | | Uses | A volatile halogenated methane present in trace amounts in drinking water as a result of the water treatment process. It is useful as chain transfer agents in PVC polymerization. | | Uses | One of four common trihalomethanes
formed after chlorination of water supplies; in
the past used to make fire extinguisher fluids,spray can propellants, refrigerator fluids, and
pesticides; only small amounts currently produced
for laboratory use | | Uses | Chemical reagent/intermediate in organic synthesis. | | Definition | ChEBI: Chlorodibromomethane is an organochlorine compound. | | General Description | Clear colorless to yellow-orange liquid. Density 2.451 g / cm3. No flash point. | | Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. | | Reactivity Profile | CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE is incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and magnesium | | Health Hazard | Chlorodibromomethane is a
central nervous system (CNS) depressant at
extremely high concentrations; it is toxic to
the liver and kidneys of rodents and induces
hepatocellular tumors in mice after long-term
exposure.
In animal studies, the oral LD50 typically
ranges between 800 and 1200 mg/kg.1,2 Acute
signs of intoxication include sedation, flaccid
muscle tone, ataxia, and prostration; death is
due to CNS depression. In cases in which death
does not occur until several days after acute
exposure, hepatic and renal injury may be the
cause of death. | | Fire Hazard | CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE is probably combustible. | | Safety Profile | Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental carcinogenic data. Human
mutation data reported. Compounds of this
type are generally irritating and narcotic. See
also BROMOFORM and CHLOROFORM.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Cland Br-. | | Potential Exposure | Dibromochloromethane is used
as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of fire
extinguishing agents; aerosol propellants; refrigerants, and
pesticides. Dibromochloromethane has been detected in
drinking water in the United States. It is believed to be
formed by the haloform reaction that may occur during | | Environmental fate | Biological. Dibromochloromethane showed significant degradation with gradual adaptation in a
static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At
concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 39 and 25,
respectively. At a substrate concentration of 5 mg/L, 16% was lost due to volatilization after 10 d
(Tabak et al., 1981).
Surface Water. The estimated volatilization half-life of dibromochloromethane from rivers and
streams is 45.9 h (Kaczmar et al., 1984).
Photolytic. Water containing 2,000 ng/μL of dibromochloromethane and colloidal platinum
catalyst was irradiated with UV light. After 20 h, dibromochloromethane degraded to 80 ng/μL
bromochloromethane, 22 ng/μL methyl chloride, and 1,050 ng/μL methane. A duplicate
experiment was performed but 1 g zinc was added. After about 1 h, total degradation was
achieved. Presumed transformation products include methane, bromide, and chloride ions (Wang
and Tan, 1988).
Chemical/Physical. The estimated hydrolysis half-life in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 274 yr
(Mabey and Mill, 1978). Hydrogen gas was bubbled in an aqueous solution containing 18.8 μmol
dibromochloromethane. After 24 h, only 18% of the dibromochloromethane reacted to form
methane and minor traces of ethane. In the presence of colloidal platinum catalyst, the reaction
proceeded at a much faster rate forming the same end products (Wang et al., 1988). | | Shipping | UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical | | Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo-
sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, and magnesium. | | Waste Disposal | May be destroyed by high-
temperature incinerator equipped with an HCl scrubber. |
| | CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE Preparation Products And Raw materials |
|
